HACC NURS 243 PEDS exam 2 UPDATED
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
General concepts of perfusion just in case - CORRECT ANSWER - Perfusion= oxygenation to
tissues
cellular regulation= cellular reproduction, proliferation and growth
Central Perfusion- generated from cardiac output. Propels blood to all organs and their tissues.
peripheral perfusion- present when pt extremities are warm, appropriate color, 2+ pulses in hands and
feet.
Normal HR - CORRECT ANSWER - Newborn- 100-180
Toddler- 80-150
Preschool- 70-120
School Aged- 70-110
Adolescent- 55-90
Altered Perfusion S/S - CORRECT ANSWER - Right side-
fluid overload- fluid is backing up into the body. Results in
-edema
-liver engorgement
-wt gain
-neck vein distention
Left Sided-
Left side of heart is not pumping blood out to the body effectively, so blood backs into lungs. S/s will be
those of resp. distress.
-tachypnea
-dyspnea
-exercise intolerance
,-orthopnea
-cough
-cyanosis
-wheezing
-rales
-retractions
-nasal flaring
tachycardia all around due to heart trying to compensate!
Preload/Afterload - CORRECT ANSWER - Preload- initial stretching of the cardiac muscle cells
prior to contraction.
afterload- force the heart has to overcome to eject blood.
Congestive Heart Failure - CORRECT ANSWER - heart is unable to pump its required amount of
blood
umbrella term
CHF Causes - CORRECT ANSWER - #1 cause is congenital hear defects
S/S CHF - CORRECT ANSWER - Cough
Crackles
periorbital/facial edema
JVD (won't see in infants)
low urine output
clubbing- d/t poor perfusion over long period of time.
chest pain
tired
,not gaining weight
retractions
not feeling well
irritable
tachypnea
tachycardia
grunting
nasal flaring
CHF Diagnostics - CORRECT ANSWER - Physical exam
chest xray
holter monitor
2D ECHO or TEE
Carfiac Catheterization
Cardiac Catheterization - CORRECT ANSWER - Procedure- cath thru femoral artery
it will monitor
02 sats
pressure changes
CO/ Stroke Volune
anatomic abnormalities
Nursing Care for Cardiac Cath - CORRECT ANSWER - Monitor for cx-
bleeding at site
VS- we want a good BP, not tachy.
ensure pt does quiet activities in bed for the first couple of hours after cath
neurovasc checks freq of extrem it was placed
, *severe diaper rash may prevent this procedure d/t an organism or bacteria in the area that could get into
the cath site and cause sepsis.
Holter monitor - CORRECT ANSWER - portable ECG monitor worn by patient for period of few
hours to few days to assess heart and pulse activity as person goes through activities of daily living.
Must teach families to monitor and keep a diary. When pt has symptoms like dizzy, palpitations, they
need to write down day, time, what they were doing, and what they felt. They need a complete diary.
CHF Meds - CORRECT ANSWER - Goal of medications is to increase heart efficiency and
remove excess fluid!
patients could also need a pacer
Digoxin (Lanoxin) - CORRECT ANSWER - Increases cardiac output
Decreases Heart Rate
monitor hr closely. Teach parents how to get apical pulse. Holding meds vary on age b/c hr varies on age.
dig toxicity- abd pain (constipation), anorexia, N/V, blurred vision/yellow halo.
digibind is the antidote.
ACE inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWER - Captopril
Enalapril
angioedema, dry cough, E+ imbalance. Teach parents to watch for angioedema and the nagging cough is
an expected SE.
Beta Blockers - CORRECT ANSWER - Carvedolol
lowers O2 demand, lowers heart rate.
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
General concepts of perfusion just in case - CORRECT ANSWER - Perfusion= oxygenation to
tissues
cellular regulation= cellular reproduction, proliferation and growth
Central Perfusion- generated from cardiac output. Propels blood to all organs and their tissues.
peripheral perfusion- present when pt extremities are warm, appropriate color, 2+ pulses in hands and
feet.
Normal HR - CORRECT ANSWER - Newborn- 100-180
Toddler- 80-150
Preschool- 70-120
School Aged- 70-110
Adolescent- 55-90
Altered Perfusion S/S - CORRECT ANSWER - Right side-
fluid overload- fluid is backing up into the body. Results in
-edema
-liver engorgement
-wt gain
-neck vein distention
Left Sided-
Left side of heart is not pumping blood out to the body effectively, so blood backs into lungs. S/s will be
those of resp. distress.
-tachypnea
-dyspnea
-exercise intolerance
,-orthopnea
-cough
-cyanosis
-wheezing
-rales
-retractions
-nasal flaring
tachycardia all around due to heart trying to compensate!
Preload/Afterload - CORRECT ANSWER - Preload- initial stretching of the cardiac muscle cells
prior to contraction.
afterload- force the heart has to overcome to eject blood.
Congestive Heart Failure - CORRECT ANSWER - heart is unable to pump its required amount of
blood
umbrella term
CHF Causes - CORRECT ANSWER - #1 cause is congenital hear defects
S/S CHF - CORRECT ANSWER - Cough
Crackles
periorbital/facial edema
JVD (won't see in infants)
low urine output
clubbing- d/t poor perfusion over long period of time.
chest pain
tired
,not gaining weight
retractions
not feeling well
irritable
tachypnea
tachycardia
grunting
nasal flaring
CHF Diagnostics - CORRECT ANSWER - Physical exam
chest xray
holter monitor
2D ECHO or TEE
Carfiac Catheterization
Cardiac Catheterization - CORRECT ANSWER - Procedure- cath thru femoral artery
it will monitor
02 sats
pressure changes
CO/ Stroke Volune
anatomic abnormalities
Nursing Care for Cardiac Cath - CORRECT ANSWER - Monitor for cx-
bleeding at site
VS- we want a good BP, not tachy.
ensure pt does quiet activities in bed for the first couple of hours after cath
neurovasc checks freq of extrem it was placed
, *severe diaper rash may prevent this procedure d/t an organism or bacteria in the area that could get into
the cath site and cause sepsis.
Holter monitor - CORRECT ANSWER - portable ECG monitor worn by patient for period of few
hours to few days to assess heart and pulse activity as person goes through activities of daily living.
Must teach families to monitor and keep a diary. When pt has symptoms like dizzy, palpitations, they
need to write down day, time, what they were doing, and what they felt. They need a complete diary.
CHF Meds - CORRECT ANSWER - Goal of medications is to increase heart efficiency and
remove excess fluid!
patients could also need a pacer
Digoxin (Lanoxin) - CORRECT ANSWER - Increases cardiac output
Decreases Heart Rate
monitor hr closely. Teach parents how to get apical pulse. Holding meds vary on age b/c hr varies on age.
dig toxicity- abd pain (constipation), anorexia, N/V, blurred vision/yellow halo.
digibind is the antidote.
ACE inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWER - Captopril
Enalapril
angioedema, dry cough, E+ imbalance. Teach parents to watch for angioedema and the nagging cough is
an expected SE.
Beta Blockers - CORRECT ANSWER - Carvedolol
lowers O2 demand, lowers heart rate.
