NURSING 406 EXAMINATION 1 REVIEW (NUR 406) EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Standards: - ANSWER>>communicate the EXPECTATIONS of safe and effective
nursing practice within the scope of the practice. (regulated by the Board of
Nursing)
Algorithms: - ANSWER>>a stepwise decision-making flowchart for a specific care
process or processes. Algorithms guide the clinician through the "if, then"
decision making process
Practice Guidelines: - ANSWER>>usually created by an expert panel and
developed by a professional organization. Typically written in text prose style
rather than a flowchart.
Protocols: - ANSWER>>a common tool in research studies. Protocols are more
directive and rigid than guidelines, and providers are not supposed to vary from a
protocol. Built in alerts signal the provider to potentially serious problems.
What is the AACN and what does it do? - ANSWER>>The AACN is the American
Association of Critical-Care Nurses, most closely associated with critical care
nurses. The world's largest specialty nursing organization created in 1969.
Develops and administers many critical care specialty certifications examination
for registered nurses. Created the beacon of excellence reward for exceptional
care through improved outcomes and greater overall satisfaction.
Nursing process: what is it? - ANSWER>>Assess, Diagnose, Planning,
Implementing, Evaluating
,Components of evidence-based practice: - ANSWER>>Evidence-based nursing
practice considers the BEST RESEARCH EVIDENCE on the care topic, along with
CLINICAL EXPERTISE of the nurse, and PATIENT PREFERENCE. AANC has
promulgated several EBP summaries in the form of a "practice alert"
Respect for persons/autonomy: - ANSWER>>honor the patients right to
autonomy or to self-determine a course of action without coercion or undue
interference from others.
Beneficence and non-maleficence: - ANSWER>>actions that maximize good and
minimize harm to the patient, often in a delicate balance.
Veracity: - ANSWER>>the quality of being truthful, a principle that underlies a
trusting relationship between nurse and patient
Fidelity: - ANSWER>>an essential aspect of nursing, is the quality of keeping
commitments and includes commitments to confidentiality and privacy; it is
based on the virtue of caring.
Justice: - ANSWER>>equitable distribution of limited resources (usually organs for
transplant, access to healthcare, which is not a constitutional right)
8 Steps in the ethical decision making model: - ANSWER>>1. Identify health
problems
2. Define the ethical issue(s)
3. Gather additional information (contextual data, useful information)
4. Identify the stakeholders and delineate the decision-maker
5. Examine ethical norms and other relevant norms (personal values, beliefs,
moral convictions of all involved in the decision process should be examined as
they may inappropriately influence decisions away from the values and
preferences of the patient)
6. Explore alternative options
7. Implement decisions/Act
, 8. Evaluate and modify actions
Torts: - ANSWER>>civil lawsuits based on unintentional acts (failure to act or
negligence that results in harm) or intentional acts, such as assault, battery, or
defamation.
Ordinary Negligence: - ANSWER>>failing to act as a reasonably prudent person
would under similar circumstances: 1) duty to another person 2) breach of that
duty 3) harm that would not have occurred in the absence of the breach
(causation), 4) damages that have a monetary value
Professional Malpractice: - ANSWER>>malpractice requires the alleged
wrongdoer to have special standing as professional
Breach: - ANSWER>>failure to act within applicable standards of care
Professional Malpractice and the Nursing Process: - ANSWER>>• Assessment
failure: failure to assess and analyze the level of care needed by the patient
• Assessment failure: failure to ascertain a patients wishes with regard to self-
determination (pay attn. to patient wishes)
• Implementation failure: failure to take appropriate action and failure to
document
• Implementation failure: failure to preserve patient privacy and confidentiality
• Evaluation failure: failure to act as a patient advocate
Wrongful death: - ANSWER>>negligence action in which the harm is the actual
death of the individual
Assault: - ANSWER>>any intentional act that creates reasonable fear of
immediate harmful or offensive contact
Battery: - ANSWER>>any intentional act that brings about actual harmful or
offensive contact
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Standards: - ANSWER>>communicate the EXPECTATIONS of safe and effective
nursing practice within the scope of the practice. (regulated by the Board of
Nursing)
Algorithms: - ANSWER>>a stepwise decision-making flowchart for a specific care
process or processes. Algorithms guide the clinician through the "if, then"
decision making process
Practice Guidelines: - ANSWER>>usually created by an expert panel and
developed by a professional organization. Typically written in text prose style
rather than a flowchart.
Protocols: - ANSWER>>a common tool in research studies. Protocols are more
directive and rigid than guidelines, and providers are not supposed to vary from a
protocol. Built in alerts signal the provider to potentially serious problems.
What is the AACN and what does it do? - ANSWER>>The AACN is the American
Association of Critical-Care Nurses, most closely associated with critical care
nurses. The world's largest specialty nursing organization created in 1969.
Develops and administers many critical care specialty certifications examination
for registered nurses. Created the beacon of excellence reward for exceptional
care through improved outcomes and greater overall satisfaction.
Nursing process: what is it? - ANSWER>>Assess, Diagnose, Planning,
Implementing, Evaluating
,Components of evidence-based practice: - ANSWER>>Evidence-based nursing
practice considers the BEST RESEARCH EVIDENCE on the care topic, along with
CLINICAL EXPERTISE of the nurse, and PATIENT PREFERENCE. AANC has
promulgated several EBP summaries in the form of a "practice alert"
Respect for persons/autonomy: - ANSWER>>honor the patients right to
autonomy or to self-determine a course of action without coercion or undue
interference from others.
Beneficence and non-maleficence: - ANSWER>>actions that maximize good and
minimize harm to the patient, often in a delicate balance.
Veracity: - ANSWER>>the quality of being truthful, a principle that underlies a
trusting relationship between nurse and patient
Fidelity: - ANSWER>>an essential aspect of nursing, is the quality of keeping
commitments and includes commitments to confidentiality and privacy; it is
based on the virtue of caring.
Justice: - ANSWER>>equitable distribution of limited resources (usually organs for
transplant, access to healthcare, which is not a constitutional right)
8 Steps in the ethical decision making model: - ANSWER>>1. Identify health
problems
2. Define the ethical issue(s)
3. Gather additional information (contextual data, useful information)
4. Identify the stakeholders and delineate the decision-maker
5. Examine ethical norms and other relevant norms (personal values, beliefs,
moral convictions of all involved in the decision process should be examined as
they may inappropriately influence decisions away from the values and
preferences of the patient)
6. Explore alternative options
7. Implement decisions/Act
, 8. Evaluate and modify actions
Torts: - ANSWER>>civil lawsuits based on unintentional acts (failure to act or
negligence that results in harm) or intentional acts, such as assault, battery, or
defamation.
Ordinary Negligence: - ANSWER>>failing to act as a reasonably prudent person
would under similar circumstances: 1) duty to another person 2) breach of that
duty 3) harm that would not have occurred in the absence of the breach
(causation), 4) damages that have a monetary value
Professional Malpractice: - ANSWER>>malpractice requires the alleged
wrongdoer to have special standing as professional
Breach: - ANSWER>>failure to act within applicable standards of care
Professional Malpractice and the Nursing Process: - ANSWER>>• Assessment
failure: failure to assess and analyze the level of care needed by the patient
• Assessment failure: failure to ascertain a patients wishes with regard to self-
determination (pay attn. to patient wishes)
• Implementation failure: failure to take appropriate action and failure to
document
• Implementation failure: failure to preserve patient privacy and confidentiality
• Evaluation failure: failure to act as a patient advocate
Wrongful death: - ANSWER>>negligence action in which the harm is the actual
death of the individual
Assault: - ANSWER>>any intentional act that creates reasonable fear of
immediate harmful or offensive contact
Battery: - ANSWER>>any intentional act that brings about actual harmful or
offensive contact
