(GI exam:: 2026-2027 Versions)
The relationship between colon polyps and colon cancer B.
is those polyps: Colon polyps are usually slow-growing and take a long time to progress to cancer.
This is the reason that a colonoscopy does not need to be repeated annually.
eventually, all become malignant. While not all polyps grow slowly, this is the usual progression.
have a slow progression to colon cancer.
have a rapid progression to colon cancer.
have no relationship to colon cancer.
A 5-year-old has been diagnosed with pinworms. He lives D.
with his mother. There are no other members of the The diagnosis of pinworms (Enterobiasis) is made by using a piece of scotch tape
household. How should his mother be managed? on a tongue depressor. It is touched against the patient's rectum. The greatest
yield of eggs will occur during the nighttime or early AM. Eggs will be found here
Reassure the mother that if she develops symptoms, she if they are present. Worms and eggs are rarely found in stool specimens, so this is
will need to be treated. not a good plan. When the scotch tape is examined under a low power
Visually assess the mother's rectum for redness or microscope, the eggs will be easily visualized since they are large and bean
presence of worms. shaped. The finding of an adult worm would confirm the diagnosis. These are large
Have the mother collect a stool specimen and send it to enough to be seen with the naked eye. If the mother is symptomatic, she should
the laboratory. be treated with or without a rectal exam. It is very likely she is infected.
Perform the "scotch tape" test and look at the collection
under the microscope.
4/3/2026, 3:14:23 PM 4/3/2026, 3:14:22 PM 4/3/2026
, (GI exam:: 2026-2027 Versions)
A patient has been diagnosed with hepatitis B. The most D.
commonly reported risk factor is: Hepatitis B is transmitted by blood and body fluids. While exposure to infected
blood or blood products would significantly increase the risk of infection in
drinking contaminated water. unvaccinated people, this is much less likely than becoming infected via sexual
eating contaminated food. exposure or IV drug use. Hepatitis A is transmitted via fecal-oral routes. Drinking
exposure to blood. contaminated water and eating contaminated food implicate hepatitis A as the
sexual exposure. etiologic agent.
The three most common causes of bacterial diarrhea in D.
the US are Salmonella, Campylobacter, and: Shigella will be shed continuously in the stool and should be easily identified on
stool culture. When bacterial gastroenteritis is suspected, a stool specimen could
E. coli. be ordered for confirmation. Generally, these three pathogens are easily identified
Enterovirus. if they are present. Enterovirus produces a viral form of diarrhea. Yersinia produces
Yersinia. the deadly disease called bubonic plague. E. coli is a typical colonic pathogen.
Shigella.
An 83-year-old patient is diagnosed with diverticulitis. The C.
most common complaint is: Diverticular disease is more common in older adults. About 70% of patients
diagnosed with diverticulitis have left lower quadrant pain. Rectal bleeding may
rectal bleeding. have varied etiologies, such as rectal carcinoma or hemorrhoids. Bloating and
bloating and cramping. cramping are often found in patients with diverticular disease (diverticulosis) but
left lower quadrant pain. not specifically diverticulitis. Belching and flatulence are not specifically
frequent belching and flatulence. associated with diverticulosis.
4/3/2026, 3:14:23 PM 4/3/2026, 3:14:22 PM 4/3/2026
, (GI exam:: 2026-2027 Versions)
What is true regarding older adults who are overweight? B.
Overweight and obese states are not as important in predicting mortality in older
This is clearly associated with increased mortality in older adults as they are in their younger counterparts. After age 65 years (some studies
adults. demonstrate after age 70), weight is less significant in decreasing risk for mortality
Mortality in older adults related to overweight states than in younger adults. There are some benefits to weight loss in the obese older
declines over time. adults. One of them is better balance and decreased risk for falls. Others include
BMI is a good way to assess nutritional status in older less sleep apnea, decreased risk of diabetes, and decreased rates of shortness of
adults. breath with respiratory and cardiac diseases.
There are no potential metabolic or functional benefits to
weight loss in older adults.
What medication used to treat patients who have GERD A.
provides the fastest relief of heartburn symptoms? Calcium carbonate is an antacid. It provides rapid changes in gastric pH. This
provides relief that can be noticed immediately. The increase in pH lasts for about
Calcium carbonate 30 minutes and corresponds with resolution of symptoms. However, as pH
Ranitidine decreases within 30 minutes, symptoms may return. Ranitidine is an H2 blocker. It
Amantadine provides relief in 1-2 hours. This usually lasts for about 6-12 hours. Amantadine is an
Pantoprazole antiviral not used to treat GERD. Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor. This
provides relief after several hours or days of daily consumption.
4/3/2026, 3:14:23 PM 4/3/2026, 3:14:22 PM 4/3/2026
, (GI exam:: 2026-2027 Versions)
An 84-year-old presents with a stated involuntary weight D.
loss. He states that he's lost about 6 pounds in the last 6 Involuntary weight loss in older adults is often due to malignancy or disease. The
or 8 weeks. What statement below is NOT part of the initial assessment of an older adult who reports involuntary weight loss is to
assessment? document the weight loss. If prior measurements are part of the patient's chart, this
would be helpful. Laboratory assessment should also be performed.
The weight loss should be measured today and again in Consideration should be given to performing a CBC, TSH, and metabolic panel.
the next few weeks. Also consider chest and abdominal X-rays. If all are normal, he should be
A laboratory evaluation should be performed. monitored and reweighed on the same scale for comparison. A dietary consult
Evaluate his dietary intake. should be ordered. However, even with negative initial findings, a significant
Evaluate his upper and lower extremity muscle mass. number of patients are later found to have disease or malignancy
A patient has a positive hepatitis B surface antibody. This C.
means he: The hepatitis B surface antibody indicates immunity to hepatitis B virus. Specifically,
if this patient comes in contact with hepatitis B virus, he will not become infected
has acute hepatitis B. with hepatitis B. The presence of hepatitis B surface antibody indicates immunity
has chronic hepatitis B. from immunization or actual infection. It also indicates recovery if the patient was
is immune to hepatitis B. infected.
needs immunization to hepatitis B.
4/3/2026, 3:14:23 PM 4/3/2026, 3:14:22 PM 4/3/2026
The relationship between colon polyps and colon cancer B.
is those polyps: Colon polyps are usually slow-growing and take a long time to progress to cancer.
This is the reason that a colonoscopy does not need to be repeated annually.
eventually, all become malignant. While not all polyps grow slowly, this is the usual progression.
have a slow progression to colon cancer.
have a rapid progression to colon cancer.
have no relationship to colon cancer.
A 5-year-old has been diagnosed with pinworms. He lives D.
with his mother. There are no other members of the The diagnosis of pinworms (Enterobiasis) is made by using a piece of scotch tape
household. How should his mother be managed? on a tongue depressor. It is touched against the patient's rectum. The greatest
yield of eggs will occur during the nighttime or early AM. Eggs will be found here
Reassure the mother that if she develops symptoms, she if they are present. Worms and eggs are rarely found in stool specimens, so this is
will need to be treated. not a good plan. When the scotch tape is examined under a low power
Visually assess the mother's rectum for redness or microscope, the eggs will be easily visualized since they are large and bean
presence of worms. shaped. The finding of an adult worm would confirm the diagnosis. These are large
Have the mother collect a stool specimen and send it to enough to be seen with the naked eye. If the mother is symptomatic, she should
the laboratory. be treated with or without a rectal exam. It is very likely she is infected.
Perform the "scotch tape" test and look at the collection
under the microscope.
4/3/2026, 3:14:23 PM 4/3/2026, 3:14:22 PM 4/3/2026
, (GI exam:: 2026-2027 Versions)
A patient has been diagnosed with hepatitis B. The most D.
commonly reported risk factor is: Hepatitis B is transmitted by blood and body fluids. While exposure to infected
blood or blood products would significantly increase the risk of infection in
drinking contaminated water. unvaccinated people, this is much less likely than becoming infected via sexual
eating contaminated food. exposure or IV drug use. Hepatitis A is transmitted via fecal-oral routes. Drinking
exposure to blood. contaminated water and eating contaminated food implicate hepatitis A as the
sexual exposure. etiologic agent.
The three most common causes of bacterial diarrhea in D.
the US are Salmonella, Campylobacter, and: Shigella will be shed continuously in the stool and should be easily identified on
stool culture. When bacterial gastroenteritis is suspected, a stool specimen could
E. coli. be ordered for confirmation. Generally, these three pathogens are easily identified
Enterovirus. if they are present. Enterovirus produces a viral form of diarrhea. Yersinia produces
Yersinia. the deadly disease called bubonic plague. E. coli is a typical colonic pathogen.
Shigella.
An 83-year-old patient is diagnosed with diverticulitis. The C.
most common complaint is: Diverticular disease is more common in older adults. About 70% of patients
diagnosed with diverticulitis have left lower quadrant pain. Rectal bleeding may
rectal bleeding. have varied etiologies, such as rectal carcinoma or hemorrhoids. Bloating and
bloating and cramping. cramping are often found in patients with diverticular disease (diverticulosis) but
left lower quadrant pain. not specifically diverticulitis. Belching and flatulence are not specifically
frequent belching and flatulence. associated with diverticulosis.
4/3/2026, 3:14:23 PM 4/3/2026, 3:14:22 PM 4/3/2026
, (GI exam:: 2026-2027 Versions)
What is true regarding older adults who are overweight? B.
Overweight and obese states are not as important in predicting mortality in older
This is clearly associated with increased mortality in older adults as they are in their younger counterparts. After age 65 years (some studies
adults. demonstrate after age 70), weight is less significant in decreasing risk for mortality
Mortality in older adults related to overweight states than in younger adults. There are some benefits to weight loss in the obese older
declines over time. adults. One of them is better balance and decreased risk for falls. Others include
BMI is a good way to assess nutritional status in older less sleep apnea, decreased risk of diabetes, and decreased rates of shortness of
adults. breath with respiratory and cardiac diseases.
There are no potential metabolic or functional benefits to
weight loss in older adults.
What medication used to treat patients who have GERD A.
provides the fastest relief of heartburn symptoms? Calcium carbonate is an antacid. It provides rapid changes in gastric pH. This
provides relief that can be noticed immediately. The increase in pH lasts for about
Calcium carbonate 30 minutes and corresponds with resolution of symptoms. However, as pH
Ranitidine decreases within 30 minutes, symptoms may return. Ranitidine is an H2 blocker. It
Amantadine provides relief in 1-2 hours. This usually lasts for about 6-12 hours. Amantadine is an
Pantoprazole antiviral not used to treat GERD. Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor. This
provides relief after several hours or days of daily consumption.
4/3/2026, 3:14:23 PM 4/3/2026, 3:14:22 PM 4/3/2026
, (GI exam:: 2026-2027 Versions)
An 84-year-old presents with a stated involuntary weight D.
loss. He states that he's lost about 6 pounds in the last 6 Involuntary weight loss in older adults is often due to malignancy or disease. The
or 8 weeks. What statement below is NOT part of the initial assessment of an older adult who reports involuntary weight loss is to
assessment? document the weight loss. If prior measurements are part of the patient's chart, this
would be helpful. Laboratory assessment should also be performed.
The weight loss should be measured today and again in Consideration should be given to performing a CBC, TSH, and metabolic panel.
the next few weeks. Also consider chest and abdominal X-rays. If all are normal, he should be
A laboratory evaluation should be performed. monitored and reweighed on the same scale for comparison. A dietary consult
Evaluate his dietary intake. should be ordered. However, even with negative initial findings, a significant
Evaluate his upper and lower extremity muscle mass. number of patients are later found to have disease or malignancy
A patient has a positive hepatitis B surface antibody. This C.
means he: The hepatitis B surface antibody indicates immunity to hepatitis B virus. Specifically,
if this patient comes in contact with hepatitis B virus, he will not become infected
has acute hepatitis B. with hepatitis B. The presence of hepatitis B surface antibody indicates immunity
has chronic hepatitis B. from immunization or actual infection. It also indicates recovery if the patient was
is immune to hepatitis B. infected.
needs immunization to hepatitis B.
4/3/2026, 3:14:23 PM 4/3/2026, 3:14:22 PM 4/3/2026
