(Latest Nurs 6512_ Advanced Health Assessment Midterm Review:: 2026 study guide!!!!!!) Page 1
WBC level Newborn 9-30 Billion cells/L until 2 weeks old
WBC Levels in Adults 3.4 to 9.6 billion
5 types of WBC Neutrophils
lymphocytes
monocytes
eosinophils
basophils
Usually What WBC is the largest Neutrophils
What WBC type is the largest as a newborn Lymphocytes until 8 years old
Leukopenia less than 4000
* viral infection
* bacterial infection
* bone marrow issue
Severe leukopenia less than 500
can be at risk for fatal infection dying of even a cold
4/3/2026, 3:34:07 PM 4/3/2026, 3:34:05 PM 4/3/2026, 3:34:04 PM
,(Latest Nurs 6512_ Advanced Health Assessment Midterm Review:: 2026 study guide!!!!!!) Page 2
when is leukocytosis common during pregnancy due to increased neutrophils
What wbc type elevates with allergies Eosinophils
what wbc type elevates with infections (bacterial and Viral: lymphocytes
viral) bacterial: neutrophils
Hemoglobin (Hgb) what does it go carries oxygen throughout the body making up 95% of dry wt of RBC
Hemoglobin is what type of structure quaternary structure made of 4 globular proteins (2 alpha/2beta) with an iron
center for o2 binding
Erythocytosis and 6 causes elevated Hgb caused by: polycythemia, high altitude, heart disease, copd/pulm
disease, dehydration, renal issue
anemia and at least 5 causes low hbg, due to :
iron deficiency or vitamin b12 /folate deficiency, chronic renal failure, aplastic
anemia, bone marrow issue, leukemia, lymphoma, or blood loss
Normal Hgb levels 11.6-16.6g/dl
4/3/2026, 3:34:07 PM 4/3/2026, 3:34:05 PM 4/3/2026, 3:34:04 PM
,(Latest Nurs 6512_ Advanced Health Assessment Midterm Review:: 2026 study guide!!!!!!) Page 3
when hgb is abnormal be concerned of what blood oxygen carrying capacity concern
Hematocrit Hct what is it percentage of overall solution: packed cell volume of RBC
normal hct level 35.5 to 48.6%
Hgb compared to hct Hct= hgb x3
loss of plasma volume from the vascular space does what increases it: think dehydration, severe burn, elevated hct
to hct
overhydration does what to hct decreases hct: not necessarily bleeding
right after hemorrage what happens to rbc and plasma its an equal loss of both rbc and plasma until hrs later whaen interstial fluid shifts
into vascular space decreases hct
how many days does bone marrow take to make rbc 7 days to make them
risk of hypovolemic shock during acute or chronic loss acute due to no time to compensate: think dialysis vs hemorrhage
less than 15% of hct cardiac failure
4/3/2026, 3:34:07 PM 4/3/2026, 3:34:05 PM 4/3/2026, 3:34:04 PM
, (Latest Nurs 6512_ Advanced Health Assessment Midterm Review:: 2026 study guide!!!!!!) Page 4
greater than 60% of hct spontaneous blood clot
what happens to hct during pregnancy in last trimester hct decreases due to increased plasma volume
Platelet count norms and function 135-371 billion/L
function to prevent bleeding
decreased platelets mean risk for bleeding
increased platelets means increased risk for blood clots
thrombocytopenia what is it and what causes it low platelets due to - expect bruising and severe headaches: bone marrow failure,
chemo, viral infection, lupus/lymphoma/leukemia, ITP, HELLP syndrome, DIC,
splenomegaly
thrombocytosis what is it and what causes it high platelets due to: leukemia, inflammation, acute blood loss, iron deficit,
hyposplenism, polycythemia vera
secondary/reactive thrombocytosis due to underlying issue
primary thrombocytosis due to serious bleed or clot : less common
4/3/2026, 3:34:07 PM 4/3/2026, 3:34:05 PM 4/3/2026, 3:34:04 PM
WBC level Newborn 9-30 Billion cells/L until 2 weeks old
WBC Levels in Adults 3.4 to 9.6 billion
5 types of WBC Neutrophils
lymphocytes
monocytes
eosinophils
basophils
Usually What WBC is the largest Neutrophils
What WBC type is the largest as a newborn Lymphocytes until 8 years old
Leukopenia less than 4000
* viral infection
* bacterial infection
* bone marrow issue
Severe leukopenia less than 500
can be at risk for fatal infection dying of even a cold
4/3/2026, 3:34:07 PM 4/3/2026, 3:34:05 PM 4/3/2026, 3:34:04 PM
,(Latest Nurs 6512_ Advanced Health Assessment Midterm Review:: 2026 study guide!!!!!!) Page 2
when is leukocytosis common during pregnancy due to increased neutrophils
What wbc type elevates with allergies Eosinophils
what wbc type elevates with infections (bacterial and Viral: lymphocytes
viral) bacterial: neutrophils
Hemoglobin (Hgb) what does it go carries oxygen throughout the body making up 95% of dry wt of RBC
Hemoglobin is what type of structure quaternary structure made of 4 globular proteins (2 alpha/2beta) with an iron
center for o2 binding
Erythocytosis and 6 causes elevated Hgb caused by: polycythemia, high altitude, heart disease, copd/pulm
disease, dehydration, renal issue
anemia and at least 5 causes low hbg, due to :
iron deficiency or vitamin b12 /folate deficiency, chronic renal failure, aplastic
anemia, bone marrow issue, leukemia, lymphoma, or blood loss
Normal Hgb levels 11.6-16.6g/dl
4/3/2026, 3:34:07 PM 4/3/2026, 3:34:05 PM 4/3/2026, 3:34:04 PM
,(Latest Nurs 6512_ Advanced Health Assessment Midterm Review:: 2026 study guide!!!!!!) Page 3
when hgb is abnormal be concerned of what blood oxygen carrying capacity concern
Hematocrit Hct what is it percentage of overall solution: packed cell volume of RBC
normal hct level 35.5 to 48.6%
Hgb compared to hct Hct= hgb x3
loss of plasma volume from the vascular space does what increases it: think dehydration, severe burn, elevated hct
to hct
overhydration does what to hct decreases hct: not necessarily bleeding
right after hemorrage what happens to rbc and plasma its an equal loss of both rbc and plasma until hrs later whaen interstial fluid shifts
into vascular space decreases hct
how many days does bone marrow take to make rbc 7 days to make them
risk of hypovolemic shock during acute or chronic loss acute due to no time to compensate: think dialysis vs hemorrhage
less than 15% of hct cardiac failure
4/3/2026, 3:34:07 PM 4/3/2026, 3:34:05 PM 4/3/2026, 3:34:04 PM
, (Latest Nurs 6512_ Advanced Health Assessment Midterm Review:: 2026 study guide!!!!!!) Page 4
greater than 60% of hct spontaneous blood clot
what happens to hct during pregnancy in last trimester hct decreases due to increased plasma volume
Platelet count norms and function 135-371 billion/L
function to prevent bleeding
decreased platelets mean risk for bleeding
increased platelets means increased risk for blood clots
thrombocytopenia what is it and what causes it low platelets due to - expect bruising and severe headaches: bone marrow failure,
chemo, viral infection, lupus/lymphoma/leukemia, ITP, HELLP syndrome, DIC,
splenomegaly
thrombocytosis what is it and what causes it high platelets due to: leukemia, inflammation, acute blood loss, iron deficit,
hyposplenism, polycythemia vera
secondary/reactive thrombocytosis due to underlying issue
primary thrombocytosis due to serious bleed or clot : less common
4/3/2026, 3:34:07 PM 4/3/2026, 3:34:05 PM 4/3/2026, 3:34:04 PM
