(Latest Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm 6501 Walden University:: 2026 study guide!!!!!!) Page 1
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for Answer: Anaerobic glycolysis
muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitate
his continued muscle performance?
What causes the rapid change in the resting Answer: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the
membrane potential that initiates an action potential? membrane potential from negative to positive.
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter Answer: XXY
syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which of the
following?
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease
checking for a proband, what is the nurse looking for?
An aide asks the nurse why people who have Answer: Expressivity
neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the
disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse
explain to the aide?
In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information Answer: Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte,
should the nurse include regarding cholesterol? which reduces its ability to carry oxygen.
4/3/2026, 3:34:07 PM 4/3/2026, 3:34:05 PM 4/3/2026, 3:34:04 PM
,(Latest Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm 6501 Walden University:: 2026 study guide!!!!!!) Page 2
When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how Answer: Autosomal recessive
should the nurse respond? Cystic fibrosis is caused by
an _____ gene
How are potassium and sodium transported across Answer: By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
plasma membranes?
The nurse would be correct in identifying the Answer: Sodium
predominant extracellular cation as:
The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic Answer: Reduced protein synthesis
reticulum results in:
What principle should the nurse remember when Answer: It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes are
trying to distinguish aging from diseases? believed to result from cell injury.
What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has Answer: Turner syndrome
a karyotype that reveals an absent homologous X
chromosome with only a single X chromosome
present? Her features include a short stature, widely
spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow,
and sparse body hair.
4/3/2026, 3:34:07 PM 4/3/2026, 3:34:05 PM 4/3/2026, 3:34:04 PM
,(Latest Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm 6501 Walden University:: 2026 study guide!!!!!!) Page 3
A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In Answer: Nucleolus
which region of the cell would most of the genetic
information be contained?
The nurse is teaching staff about the most common Answer: Maternal nondisjunction
cause of Down syndrome. What is the nurse
describing?
A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Answer: Delayed age of onset
Huntington disease. Transmission of this disease is
associated with:
A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down Answer: Pregnancy in women over age 35
syndrome. What is the nurse's best response?
What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction? Answer: Provide growth factor for tissue growth and development
A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on Answer: Inability to convert tyrosine to DOPA (3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine)
skin, eye, and hair appearance. Which finding will
support this diagnosis?
Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are Answer: Decreased ATP production
a direct result of:
4/3/2026, 3:34:07 PM 4/3/2026, 3:34:05 PM 4/3/2026, 3:34:04 PM
, (Latest Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm 6501 Walden University:: 2026 study guide!!!!!!) Page 4
A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic Answer: Plasma proteins
pressure. The nurse recalls that oncotic pressure
(colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by:
The ion transporter that moves Na + and Ca 2+ Answer: Symport
simultaneously in the same direction is an example of
which of the following types of transport?
A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a Answer: Tetraploidy
stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that the fetus has 92
chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy
report to describe this condition?
Why is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of Answer: Because the resting plasma membrane is more permeable to
cells? potassium
Hypothyroidism A disorder caused by a thyroid gland that is slower and less productive than
normal, does not produce enough T3 and T4
4/3/2026, 3:34:07 PM 4/3/2026, 3:34:05 PM 4/3/2026, 3:34:04 PM
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for Answer: Anaerobic glycolysis
muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitate
his continued muscle performance?
What causes the rapid change in the resting Answer: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the
membrane potential that initiates an action potential? membrane potential from negative to positive.
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter Answer: XXY
syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which of the
following?
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease
checking for a proband, what is the nurse looking for?
An aide asks the nurse why people who have Answer: Expressivity
neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the
disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse
explain to the aide?
In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information Answer: Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte,
should the nurse include regarding cholesterol? which reduces its ability to carry oxygen.
4/3/2026, 3:34:07 PM 4/3/2026, 3:34:05 PM 4/3/2026, 3:34:04 PM
,(Latest Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm 6501 Walden University:: 2026 study guide!!!!!!) Page 2
When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how Answer: Autosomal recessive
should the nurse respond? Cystic fibrosis is caused by
an _____ gene
How are potassium and sodium transported across Answer: By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
plasma membranes?
The nurse would be correct in identifying the Answer: Sodium
predominant extracellular cation as:
The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic Answer: Reduced protein synthesis
reticulum results in:
What principle should the nurse remember when Answer: It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes are
trying to distinguish aging from diseases? believed to result from cell injury.
What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has Answer: Turner syndrome
a karyotype that reveals an absent homologous X
chromosome with only a single X chromosome
present? Her features include a short stature, widely
spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow,
and sparse body hair.
4/3/2026, 3:34:07 PM 4/3/2026, 3:34:05 PM 4/3/2026, 3:34:04 PM
,(Latest Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm 6501 Walden University:: 2026 study guide!!!!!!) Page 3
A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In Answer: Nucleolus
which region of the cell would most of the genetic
information be contained?
The nurse is teaching staff about the most common Answer: Maternal nondisjunction
cause of Down syndrome. What is the nurse
describing?
A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Answer: Delayed age of onset
Huntington disease. Transmission of this disease is
associated with:
A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down Answer: Pregnancy in women over age 35
syndrome. What is the nurse's best response?
What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction? Answer: Provide growth factor for tissue growth and development
A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on Answer: Inability to convert tyrosine to DOPA (3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine)
skin, eye, and hair appearance. Which finding will
support this diagnosis?
Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are Answer: Decreased ATP production
a direct result of:
4/3/2026, 3:34:07 PM 4/3/2026, 3:34:05 PM 4/3/2026, 3:34:04 PM
, (Latest Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm 6501 Walden University:: 2026 study guide!!!!!!) Page 4
A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic Answer: Plasma proteins
pressure. The nurse recalls that oncotic pressure
(colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by:
The ion transporter that moves Na + and Ca 2+ Answer: Symport
simultaneously in the same direction is an example of
which of the following types of transport?
A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a Answer: Tetraploidy
stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that the fetus has 92
chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy
report to describe this condition?
Why is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of Answer: Because the resting plasma membrane is more permeable to
cells? potassium
Hypothyroidism A disorder caused by a thyroid gland that is slower and less productive than
normal, does not produce enough T3 and T4
4/3/2026, 3:34:07 PM 4/3/2026, 3:34:05 PM 4/3/2026, 3:34:04 PM
