Test Bank for Cognition (2026 Edition) |
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• algorithm . Answer: a methodical, logical rule or procedure that
guarantees solving a particular problem. Contrasts with the usually
speedier—but also more error-prone—use of heuristics.
• heuristic . Answer: a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to
make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but
also more error-prone than algorithms.
• confirmation bias . Answer: a tendency to search for information that
supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory
evidence.
• mental set . Answer: a tendency to approach a problem in one
particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past.
• functional fixedness . Answer: the tendency to think of things only in
terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving.
• representativeness heuristic . Answer: judging the likelihood of things
in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular
prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information.
• availability heuristic . Answer: estimating the likelihood of events
based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind
(perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are
common.
• belief perseverance . Answer: clinging to one's initial conceptions after
the basis on which they were formed has been discredited.
Solved Exam Pack with Questions and
Answers | 100% Pass
• algorithm . Answer: a methodical, logical rule or procedure that
guarantees solving a particular problem. Contrasts with the usually
speedier—but also more error-prone—use of heuristics.
• heuristic . Answer: a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to
make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but
also more error-prone than algorithms.
• confirmation bias . Answer: a tendency to search for information that
supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory
evidence.
• mental set . Answer: a tendency to approach a problem in one
particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past.
• functional fixedness . Answer: the tendency to think of things only in
terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving.
• representativeness heuristic . Answer: judging the likelihood of things
in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular
prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information.
• availability heuristic . Answer: estimating the likelihood of events
based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind
(perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are
common.
• belief perseverance . Answer: clinging to one's initial conceptions after
the basis on which they were formed has been discredited.
