NU372 FINAL EXAM|2025-2026|180Qs&As WITH
RATIONALES|A+GRADE
Which is the primary cause of otitis media in young children?
An obstructed eustachian tube
Rationale: A blocked eustachian tube impairs drainage and creates negative pressure; when
the tube opens, bacteria are pulled into the middle ear.
A client is prescribed rifampin after being exposed to active tuberculosis. Which finding
would the nurse immediately report to the health care provider? Select all that apply.
Small, red, pinpoint areas on the arms
A client is being admitted to a medical unit with a diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.
Which type of room would the nurse assign this client?
Negative-airflow room
A client arrives at a health clinic stating, "I am here to have my tuberculin skin test read."
The nurse notes that there is a 7-mm indurated area at the injection site. Which statement
made by the nurse correctly describes this result?
"The result indicates that you are infected with the tuberculosis organism."
,A client with tuberculosis receives instructions regarding isoniazid (INH) therapy from the
assigned nurse. Which client statement indicates a misunderstanding of the content?
"I should apply sunscreen and wear sun-protective clothing while going outside."
Rationale: This medication is not a photosensitive medication. All the rest of the statements
are accurate.
The nurse identifies 12 mm of induration at the site of a client's tuberculin purified protein
derivative (PPD) test. Which rational would the nurse use to explain this test?
The result indicates a need for further tests and a chest x-ray.
Rationale: The test result is positive, not negative; thus further testing is necessary.
It is the most accurate skin test for tuberculosis (TB) because of the testing material and the
intradermal method used
Which clinical manifestations are associated with a diagnosis of tuberculosis? Select all that
apply.
Hemoptysis
Anorexia
Night sweats
,Which client is at an increased risk for hospital-acquired pneumonia? Select all that apply. .
Client who was admitted to the hospital 5 days ago for abdominal pain
Rationale: Hospital-acquired pneumonia occurs in non-intubated clients and begins 48 hours
after admission. A client admitted 5 days ago with abdominal pain would meet the criteria
and is at increased risk for hospital-acquired pneumonia. A client admitted the previous day
has not been in the hospital at least 48 hours. A client on mechanical ventilation is intubated
and does not meet the criteria for hospital-acquired pneumonia. A client who has been on an
airplane with other ill individuals would be at risk for community-acquired pneumonia. A
client in the emergency department has not been admitted to the hospital.
An older client with shortness of breath is admitted to the hospital. The medical history
reveals and a diagnosis of pneumonia 3 days ago. Which vital sign assessment would be seen
as a sign that the client needs immediate medical attention?
Oxygen saturation: 89%
Rationale: An oxygen saturation of less than 90% observed in a client with pneumonia
indicates that the client is at risk of respiratory depression.
When caring for a client with pneumonia, which nursing intervention is the highest priority?
Employ breathing exercises and controlled coughing
, When a client has difficulty swallowing after a stroke, which action by the nurse would be
most important in preventing pneumonia?
Having suction available during meals
When a client with pneumonia is experiencing dyspnea because of difficulty expectorating
thick respiratory secretions, which action by the nurse will be most helpful?
Offer fluids at frequent intervals
A client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and cryptococcal pneumonia
frequently is incontinent of feces and urine and produces copious sputum. When giving this
client a bath, which protective equipment would the nurse use? Select all that apply.
Surgical mask
Gown
Gloves
Rationale: A gown, mask, and gloves when bathing the client prevent contact with feces,
sputum, or other body fluids during intimate body care
A client is admitted with cellulitis of the left leg and a temperature of 103°F (39.4°C). The
primary health care provider prescribes intravenous (IV) antibiotics. Which action is the
priority before administering the antibiotics?
Determine the client's allergies.
RATIONALES|A+GRADE
Which is the primary cause of otitis media in young children?
An obstructed eustachian tube
Rationale: A blocked eustachian tube impairs drainage and creates negative pressure; when
the tube opens, bacteria are pulled into the middle ear.
A client is prescribed rifampin after being exposed to active tuberculosis. Which finding
would the nurse immediately report to the health care provider? Select all that apply.
Small, red, pinpoint areas on the arms
A client is being admitted to a medical unit with a diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.
Which type of room would the nurse assign this client?
Negative-airflow room
A client arrives at a health clinic stating, "I am here to have my tuberculin skin test read."
The nurse notes that there is a 7-mm indurated area at the injection site. Which statement
made by the nurse correctly describes this result?
"The result indicates that you are infected with the tuberculosis organism."
,A client with tuberculosis receives instructions regarding isoniazid (INH) therapy from the
assigned nurse. Which client statement indicates a misunderstanding of the content?
"I should apply sunscreen and wear sun-protective clothing while going outside."
Rationale: This medication is not a photosensitive medication. All the rest of the statements
are accurate.
The nurse identifies 12 mm of induration at the site of a client's tuberculin purified protein
derivative (PPD) test. Which rational would the nurse use to explain this test?
The result indicates a need for further tests and a chest x-ray.
Rationale: The test result is positive, not negative; thus further testing is necessary.
It is the most accurate skin test for tuberculosis (TB) because of the testing material and the
intradermal method used
Which clinical manifestations are associated with a diagnosis of tuberculosis? Select all that
apply.
Hemoptysis
Anorexia
Night sweats
,Which client is at an increased risk for hospital-acquired pneumonia? Select all that apply. .
Client who was admitted to the hospital 5 days ago for abdominal pain
Rationale: Hospital-acquired pneumonia occurs in non-intubated clients and begins 48 hours
after admission. A client admitted 5 days ago with abdominal pain would meet the criteria
and is at increased risk for hospital-acquired pneumonia. A client admitted the previous day
has not been in the hospital at least 48 hours. A client on mechanical ventilation is intubated
and does not meet the criteria for hospital-acquired pneumonia. A client who has been on an
airplane with other ill individuals would be at risk for community-acquired pneumonia. A
client in the emergency department has not been admitted to the hospital.
An older client with shortness of breath is admitted to the hospital. The medical history
reveals and a diagnosis of pneumonia 3 days ago. Which vital sign assessment would be seen
as a sign that the client needs immediate medical attention?
Oxygen saturation: 89%
Rationale: An oxygen saturation of less than 90% observed in a client with pneumonia
indicates that the client is at risk of respiratory depression.
When caring for a client with pneumonia, which nursing intervention is the highest priority?
Employ breathing exercises and controlled coughing
, When a client has difficulty swallowing after a stroke, which action by the nurse would be
most important in preventing pneumonia?
Having suction available during meals
When a client with pneumonia is experiencing dyspnea because of difficulty expectorating
thick respiratory secretions, which action by the nurse will be most helpful?
Offer fluids at frequent intervals
A client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and cryptococcal pneumonia
frequently is incontinent of feces and urine and produces copious sputum. When giving this
client a bath, which protective equipment would the nurse use? Select all that apply.
Surgical mask
Gown
Gloves
Rationale: A gown, mask, and gloves when bathing the client prevent contact with feces,
sputum, or other body fluids during intimate body care
A client is admitted with cellulitis of the left leg and a temperature of 103°F (39.4°C). The
primary health care provider prescribes intravenous (IV) antibiotics. Which action is the
priority before administering the antibiotics?
Determine the client's allergies.
