MSN 671 BUNDLED EXAMS 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ When neurotransmission occurs without a synapse, what is it called?
Answer: Volume neurotransmission
◉ Which is an example of a neurotransmitter produced specifically as a
retrograde neurotransmitter? Answer: Nitric oxide
◉ Which is an example of a volume neurotransmission? Answer:
Dopamine in the prefrontal cortex
◉ In a G protein-linked signal transduction cascade, where is the second
messenger synthesized? Answer: Intracellularly
◉ Which type of pump supplies the energy for the transport of
monoamines? Answer: Sodium pump
◉ A partial agonist has what effect on neurotransmission? Answer: Net
agonism when neurotransmission is deficient, net antagonism when
neurotransmission is excessive
◉ Which is true regarding inverse agonists? Answer: Their action is
thought to produce a conformational change in the G-protein-linked
, receptor that stabilizes it in an inactive form, producing a reduction in
signal transduction
◉ Which of the following block the actions of everything in the agonist
spectrum? Answer: Antagonists
◉ What regulates the opening of ligand-gated ion channels? Answer:
Neurotransmitters
◉ What regulates the opening of voltage-gated ion channels? Answer:
The charge across the membrane
◉ What happens to an ion channel when both a neurotransmitter and
positive allosteric modulator bind to a receptor? Answer: The channel
opens much more frequently, allowing more ions into the cell
◉ What impact do agonists have on ligand-gated ion channels? Answer:
They cause ligand-gated ion channels to open more frequently
◉ The known receptor sites for ligand-gated ion channels are: Answer:
Both inside and outside the channel
◉ When voltage-sensitive sodium channels are open and activated, the
flow of sodium is: Answer: Into the neuron
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ When neurotransmission occurs without a synapse, what is it called?
Answer: Volume neurotransmission
◉ Which is an example of a neurotransmitter produced specifically as a
retrograde neurotransmitter? Answer: Nitric oxide
◉ Which is an example of a volume neurotransmission? Answer:
Dopamine in the prefrontal cortex
◉ In a G protein-linked signal transduction cascade, where is the second
messenger synthesized? Answer: Intracellularly
◉ Which type of pump supplies the energy for the transport of
monoamines? Answer: Sodium pump
◉ A partial agonist has what effect on neurotransmission? Answer: Net
agonism when neurotransmission is deficient, net antagonism when
neurotransmission is excessive
◉ Which is true regarding inverse agonists? Answer: Their action is
thought to produce a conformational change in the G-protein-linked
, receptor that stabilizes it in an inactive form, producing a reduction in
signal transduction
◉ Which of the following block the actions of everything in the agonist
spectrum? Answer: Antagonists
◉ What regulates the opening of ligand-gated ion channels? Answer:
Neurotransmitters
◉ What regulates the opening of voltage-gated ion channels? Answer:
The charge across the membrane
◉ What happens to an ion channel when both a neurotransmitter and
positive allosteric modulator bind to a receptor? Answer: The channel
opens much more frequently, allowing more ions into the cell
◉ What impact do agonists have on ligand-gated ion channels? Answer:
They cause ligand-gated ion channels to open more frequently
◉ The known receptor sites for ligand-gated ion channels are: Answer:
Both inside and outside the channel
◉ When voltage-sensitive sodium channels are open and activated, the
flow of sodium is: Answer: Into the neuron
