MECHANICAL VENTILATION 7TH EDITION
J M CAIRO WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE 2026
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
GRADED A+
⩥Pt on pressure control has an increase in lung secretions - what
happens to Vt and PIP? Answer: Vt decreases, PIP is same
⩥What are the goals of respiratory support? Answer: - oxygenation
- ventilation
- airway protection
- provide anesthesia
- increase efficiency of breathing
- improve ventilation/perfusion relationships
- decrease WOB
⩥What are the two major types of ventilators? What do they do?
Answer: negative pressure - acts like diaphragm, pulls on chest to create
vacuum
positive pressure -forces air into lungs
,⩥What types of positive pressure ventilators are there? How are they
different? Answer: noninvasive and invasive
noninvasive- CPAP, BiPAP
invasive - anesthesia ventilators and ICU ventilators
invasive has an ETT tube that has positive pressure being put directly
into the lungs
noninvasive has no ETT
⩥How does a positive pressure ventilator work? Answer: uses pressures
above atm pressure to push air into lungs, requires use of artificial
airway
⩥What are the types of positive pressure ventilators? Answer: pressure
cycled, time cycled, volume cycled
⩥Why are ventilators used in the ICU? Answer: to provide respiratory
support to patients with respiratory failure
⩥What can respiratory failure be caused by? Answer: relative
hypoventilation - increase in arterial carbon dioxide tension
(hypercapnia)
failure of diffusion at the alveolar-capillary membrane - decreased
arterial oxygen tension (hypoxemia)
, ⩥T/F
Anesthesia ventilators are used on usually healthy pts. Answer: True
⩥What are anesthesia ventilators designed to deliver? Answer: O2, air,
NO2, volatile agents
⩥What is the tidal volume? What is the typical amount delivered?
Answer: volume delivered to lungs with each breath; 6-8 mL/kg
⩥What is the respiratory rate? What is it also called? When should you
take caution setting the RR? Answer: also called frequency or (f), it is
the amount of breaths taken per minute. titrate to desired pH and CO2
goals; take caution in obstructive lung dz pts
⩥What is PEEP? Answer: alveolar pressure above atmospheric pressure
at end-expiration
⩥What are the targets for FiO2? Answer: Target PaO2 > 60 mmHg and
SpO2 > 90%
J M CAIRO WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE 2026
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
GRADED A+
⩥Pt on pressure control has an increase in lung secretions - what
happens to Vt and PIP? Answer: Vt decreases, PIP is same
⩥What are the goals of respiratory support? Answer: - oxygenation
- ventilation
- airway protection
- provide anesthesia
- increase efficiency of breathing
- improve ventilation/perfusion relationships
- decrease WOB
⩥What are the two major types of ventilators? What do they do?
Answer: negative pressure - acts like diaphragm, pulls on chest to create
vacuum
positive pressure -forces air into lungs
,⩥What types of positive pressure ventilators are there? How are they
different? Answer: noninvasive and invasive
noninvasive- CPAP, BiPAP
invasive - anesthesia ventilators and ICU ventilators
invasive has an ETT tube that has positive pressure being put directly
into the lungs
noninvasive has no ETT
⩥How does a positive pressure ventilator work? Answer: uses pressures
above atm pressure to push air into lungs, requires use of artificial
airway
⩥What are the types of positive pressure ventilators? Answer: pressure
cycled, time cycled, volume cycled
⩥Why are ventilators used in the ICU? Answer: to provide respiratory
support to patients with respiratory failure
⩥What can respiratory failure be caused by? Answer: relative
hypoventilation - increase in arterial carbon dioxide tension
(hypercapnia)
failure of diffusion at the alveolar-capillary membrane - decreased
arterial oxygen tension (hypoxemia)
, ⩥T/F
Anesthesia ventilators are used on usually healthy pts. Answer: True
⩥What are anesthesia ventilators designed to deliver? Answer: O2, air,
NO2, volatile agents
⩥What is the tidal volume? What is the typical amount delivered?
Answer: volume delivered to lungs with each breath; 6-8 mL/kg
⩥What is the respiratory rate? What is it also called? When should you
take caution setting the RR? Answer: also called frequency or (f), it is
the amount of breaths taken per minute. titrate to desired pH and CO2
goals; take caution in obstructive lung dz pts
⩥What is PEEP? Answer: alveolar pressure above atmospheric pressure
at end-expiration
⩥What are the targets for FiO2? Answer: Target PaO2 > 60 mmHg and
SpO2 > 90%
