LEWIS MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING 11TH
EDITION EXAMINATION TEST 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
◉ Cultural Relationism. Answer: Norms among cultures set the standard
for what counts as normal behavior, implying that abnormal behavior
can only be defined relative to these norms: NOT UNIVERSAL
◉ Ancient theories of abnormality. Answer: 1. Driving Away Evil
Spirits: exorcism, killing, trephination
2. Balancing Yin and Yang: controlled by internal organs, "vital air"
3. Wandering Uterus: "hysteria", looking for semen
◉ Classical conditioning. Answer: stimulus can be associated with fear
(prior)
Unconditioned stimulus (US): stimulus provides a natural response
Unconditioned response (UR): response naturally occurring to a
stimulus
Conditioned stimulus (CS): a previously neutral stimulus is paired to US
Conditioned response (CR): response occurs at the conditioned stimulus
◉ Operate conditioning. Answer: shape new behaviors by rewarding
desired behaviors and punishing undesired behaviors
, ◉ Deinstitutionalism. Answer: integrating mental patients into the
community with the support of community based treatment places
◉ cognition. Answer: caused by abnormal thoughts and behaviors,
which can lead to negative emotions and self-defeating actions
◉ diagnosis. Answer: label for a set of symptoms that occur together
◉ Assesment. Answer: process of gathering information about a
person's symptoms and their causes of a symptom
◉ reliability. Answer: consistency of a test/method in assessing what it
is supposed to measure
Test/retest: double-checking
inter-rating reliability: multiple interpretations
◉ Validity. Answer: accuracy of a test/method of assessment
content validity: all aspects of the disorder recognition
Predicative validity: Does it predict someone's behavior
Construct validity: is the test created in the most beneficial way
Concurrent validity: can be measured on all measures
EDITION EXAMINATION TEST 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
◉ Cultural Relationism. Answer: Norms among cultures set the standard
for what counts as normal behavior, implying that abnormal behavior
can only be defined relative to these norms: NOT UNIVERSAL
◉ Ancient theories of abnormality. Answer: 1. Driving Away Evil
Spirits: exorcism, killing, trephination
2. Balancing Yin and Yang: controlled by internal organs, "vital air"
3. Wandering Uterus: "hysteria", looking for semen
◉ Classical conditioning. Answer: stimulus can be associated with fear
(prior)
Unconditioned stimulus (US): stimulus provides a natural response
Unconditioned response (UR): response naturally occurring to a
stimulus
Conditioned stimulus (CS): a previously neutral stimulus is paired to US
Conditioned response (CR): response occurs at the conditioned stimulus
◉ Operate conditioning. Answer: shape new behaviors by rewarding
desired behaviors and punishing undesired behaviors
, ◉ Deinstitutionalism. Answer: integrating mental patients into the
community with the support of community based treatment places
◉ cognition. Answer: caused by abnormal thoughts and behaviors,
which can lead to negative emotions and self-defeating actions
◉ diagnosis. Answer: label for a set of symptoms that occur together
◉ Assesment. Answer: process of gathering information about a
person's symptoms and their causes of a symptom
◉ reliability. Answer: consistency of a test/method in assessing what it
is supposed to measure
Test/retest: double-checking
inter-rating reliability: multiple interpretations
◉ Validity. Answer: accuracy of a test/method of assessment
content validity: all aspects of the disorder recognition
Predicative validity: Does it predict someone's behavior
Construct validity: is the test created in the most beneficial way
Concurrent validity: can be measured on all measures
