CONS 127 - UBC FINAL TEST 2026
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◍ What are 'task environments' in the context of the criminal justice system?.
Answer: The cultural, geographic, and community settings influencing
crime types and decision-making options.
◍ What is the relationship between systemic racism and the experiences of
Black Canadians?.
Answer: Systemic racism contributes to discrimination and
overrepresentation in the criminal justice system.
◍ What is the primary goal of the Due Process model?.
Answer: To ensure only the strongest cases proceed, protecting individual
rights and preventing wrongful convictions.
◍ What factors can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the criminal justice
system?.
Answer: Public trust, ability to prevent and deal with crime, victim
satisfaction, risk management, compliance with the rule of law, fair
treatment, addressing offender needs, avoidance of wrongful convictions,
and application of best practices.
◍ Which groups are disproportionately represented as victims of police
shootings?.
Answer: Black and Indigenous persons.
◍ Forming.
Answer: Members are socially cautious and polite.
◍ What is the relationship between perceived legitimacy and public
, confidence in the criminal justice system?.
Answer: Higher perceived legitimacy correlates with increased public
confidence.
◍ Type 3 problems.
Answer: problems are driven bydeeply conflicting values but, unlike Type-II
challenges, proposed solutions may not be considered valid simply because
they are brought forward by someone who is typically defined as an
essential part of the problem.
◍ What does the term 'zero-tolerance policing' refer to?.
Answer: A policing strategy that enforces strict consequences for even
minor offenses.
◍ Superficial listening.
Answer: Shallow or assumptive
◍ Opinion Provider.
Answer: Expresses informed opinions, interprets the opinions and
perspectives of others, and ensures that members are familiar with various
points of view when making decisions.
◍ Time Orientations.
Answer: A cultural dimension that describes the extent to which a culture
organizes and values time.
◍ Intersectionality diagram.
Answer: race, sexual orientation, gender identity, nationality, & disability
◍ What analogy is used to describe the Due Process model?.
Answer: An obstacle course.
◍ What case established the legal framework for entrapment in Canada?.
Answer: R v Mack (1988).
◍ What is the importance of reasonable grounds in police actions?.
Answer: Police actions must be justified based on reasonable grounds to
ensure legality and protect citizens' rights.
, ◍ Procedural Norms.
Answer: A norm that specifies how a group should operate and what
structured procedures it should use
◍ What was the outcome of the parole board's decision regarding Paul
Bernardo in November 2024?.
Answer: The parole board denied him any form of conditional release.
◍ Example of Social Loafing.
Answer: tug of war
◍ Introversion.
Answer: A personality descriptor indicating the quiet and reserved nature of
some individuals.
◍ What does research indicate about discrimination experienced by Muslims
in Canada?.
Answer: One-third of Muslims have experienced discrimination due to their
religion, ethnicity, or culture.
◍ What is racial profiling?.
Answer: Racial profiling involves making decisions based on race, color,
ethnicity, ancestry, religion, or place of origin rather than reasonable
suspicion.
◍ What are the two traditional measures of police performance?.
Answer: Crime rates and clearance rates.
◍ What is the standard of proof required by the prosecution in criminal cases?.
Answer: Proof beyond a reasonable doubt.
◍ What role does the media play in the criminal justice system?.
Answer: The media are often the primary source of information about the
criminal justice system.
◍ What decision did the Correctional Service of Canada make regarding Paul
Bernardo in 2023?.
Answer: They decided to move him to medium security.
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◍ What are 'task environments' in the context of the criminal justice system?.
Answer: The cultural, geographic, and community settings influencing
crime types and decision-making options.
◍ What is the relationship between systemic racism and the experiences of
Black Canadians?.
Answer: Systemic racism contributes to discrimination and
overrepresentation in the criminal justice system.
◍ What is the primary goal of the Due Process model?.
Answer: To ensure only the strongest cases proceed, protecting individual
rights and preventing wrongful convictions.
◍ What factors can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the criminal justice
system?.
Answer: Public trust, ability to prevent and deal with crime, victim
satisfaction, risk management, compliance with the rule of law, fair
treatment, addressing offender needs, avoidance of wrongful convictions,
and application of best practices.
◍ Which groups are disproportionately represented as victims of police
shootings?.
Answer: Black and Indigenous persons.
◍ Forming.
Answer: Members are socially cautious and polite.
◍ What is the relationship between perceived legitimacy and public
, confidence in the criminal justice system?.
Answer: Higher perceived legitimacy correlates with increased public
confidence.
◍ Type 3 problems.
Answer: problems are driven bydeeply conflicting values but, unlike Type-II
challenges, proposed solutions may not be considered valid simply because
they are brought forward by someone who is typically defined as an
essential part of the problem.
◍ What does the term 'zero-tolerance policing' refer to?.
Answer: A policing strategy that enforces strict consequences for even
minor offenses.
◍ Superficial listening.
Answer: Shallow or assumptive
◍ Opinion Provider.
Answer: Expresses informed opinions, interprets the opinions and
perspectives of others, and ensures that members are familiar with various
points of view when making decisions.
◍ Time Orientations.
Answer: A cultural dimension that describes the extent to which a culture
organizes and values time.
◍ Intersectionality diagram.
Answer: race, sexual orientation, gender identity, nationality, & disability
◍ What analogy is used to describe the Due Process model?.
Answer: An obstacle course.
◍ What case established the legal framework for entrapment in Canada?.
Answer: R v Mack (1988).
◍ What is the importance of reasonable grounds in police actions?.
Answer: Police actions must be justified based on reasonable grounds to
ensure legality and protect citizens' rights.
, ◍ Procedural Norms.
Answer: A norm that specifies how a group should operate and what
structured procedures it should use
◍ What was the outcome of the parole board's decision regarding Paul
Bernardo in November 2024?.
Answer: The parole board denied him any form of conditional release.
◍ Example of Social Loafing.
Answer: tug of war
◍ Introversion.
Answer: A personality descriptor indicating the quiet and reserved nature of
some individuals.
◍ What does research indicate about discrimination experienced by Muslims
in Canada?.
Answer: One-third of Muslims have experienced discrimination due to their
religion, ethnicity, or culture.
◍ What is racial profiling?.
Answer: Racial profiling involves making decisions based on race, color,
ethnicity, ancestry, religion, or place of origin rather than reasonable
suspicion.
◍ What are the two traditional measures of police performance?.
Answer: Crime rates and clearance rates.
◍ What is the standard of proof required by the prosecution in criminal cases?.
Answer: Proof beyond a reasonable doubt.
◍ What role does the media play in the criminal justice system?.
Answer: The media are often the primary source of information about the
criminal justice system.
◍ What decision did the Correctional Service of Canada make regarding Paul
Bernardo in 2023?.
Answer: They decided to move him to medium security.
