CJA 341, STATISTICS FOR CRIMINAL JUSTICE
Learning Check 2
Instructions
Read each prompt carefully and replace the placeholder text “[Final answer here]” in the
teal-shaded cells with your response for each question. Show all your work (every step) on a
separate sheet of paper, and either attach it to the end of this document or combine it into a single
PDF to upload with this document. Please do not alter the formatting, font style, or color.
To edit this document in Google Docs, click “File” and then “Make a Copy.”
Please remember to upload your calculations.
A substantial amount of points will be deducted if you do not show your work.
Important Reminders
● Academic Integrity and Original Work: All work must be your own. Copying from peers
or using AI or other technological tools to generate or revise responses will result in an
automatic 0 for the entire assignment.
● Clear Explanations: When interpretations are requested, be thorough and clearly explain
your reasoning. Your response should include enough detail for a general reader with no
statistics background to fully understand your explanation without needing to refer to the
prompt or any data separate from your interpretation.
● Rounding Rules: Round all intermediate calculations to 4 decimal places. Final answers
may be rounded to 2 decimal places.
Student Acknowledgement
By typing your name into the box below, you acknowledge that you have read the instructions
and that all work you will submit to Canvas is entirely your own. Any answers found to be
plagiarized, copied from other sources or peers, or generated or revised using any AI software
(including Grammarly) will result in an automatic “0” on the Learning Check. If you have any
questions or concerns, please visit one of the scheduled office hours to discuss.
Student Name
, PART I. Foundational Concepts (6 points) | Total Score: __________
QUESTION 1.
Identify the level of measurement for each variable below.
Variable Level of
Measurement
Legal representation type (public defender vs. private attorney) Nominal
Response time of police to a call (in minutes) Interval ratio
Confidence in the legal system (1–100 scale) Interval ratio
Confidence in the legal system (not confident, somewhat confident, ordinal
very confident)
(Q1 Score _____ / 2 possible)
QUESTION 2.
Given the information below, which type of hypothesis test is appropriate? Provide an
explanation for your choice.
A researcher is interested in examining whether completion of de-escalation training is related to
the annual number of use-of-force incidents among police officers. The researcher collects data
on each officer’s total number of use-of-force incidents per year and whether they have
completed the required training (yes or no).
The appropriate hypothesis test is the two-sample t-test because it examines the
relationship between two independent groups of officers: those who completed their
de-escalation training and those who did not.
(Q2 Score _____ / 2 possible)
QUESTION 3.
Given the information below, which type of hypothesis test is appropriate? Provide an
explanation for your choice.
A criminal justice researcher wants to examine whether gender is related to attitudes toward the
use of body-worn cameras by police officers. The researcher surveys a sample of adults, asking
their gender (male, female, or nonbinary) and whether they support, oppose, or are undecided
about requiring police officers to wear body cameras.
The appropriate hypothesis test is the chi-squared test because the researcher is
examining 2-4 categories of gender and their opinions. Also, the researcher wants to
examine whether there is a significant difference between the genders and the body-worn
camera support for police officers.
Learning Check 2
Instructions
Read each prompt carefully and replace the placeholder text “[Final answer here]” in the
teal-shaded cells with your response for each question. Show all your work (every step) on a
separate sheet of paper, and either attach it to the end of this document or combine it into a single
PDF to upload with this document. Please do not alter the formatting, font style, or color.
To edit this document in Google Docs, click “File” and then “Make a Copy.”
Please remember to upload your calculations.
A substantial amount of points will be deducted if you do not show your work.
Important Reminders
● Academic Integrity and Original Work: All work must be your own. Copying from peers
or using AI or other technological tools to generate or revise responses will result in an
automatic 0 for the entire assignment.
● Clear Explanations: When interpretations are requested, be thorough and clearly explain
your reasoning. Your response should include enough detail for a general reader with no
statistics background to fully understand your explanation without needing to refer to the
prompt or any data separate from your interpretation.
● Rounding Rules: Round all intermediate calculations to 4 decimal places. Final answers
may be rounded to 2 decimal places.
Student Acknowledgement
By typing your name into the box below, you acknowledge that you have read the instructions
and that all work you will submit to Canvas is entirely your own. Any answers found to be
plagiarized, copied from other sources or peers, or generated or revised using any AI software
(including Grammarly) will result in an automatic “0” on the Learning Check. If you have any
questions or concerns, please visit one of the scheduled office hours to discuss.
Student Name
, PART I. Foundational Concepts (6 points) | Total Score: __________
QUESTION 1.
Identify the level of measurement for each variable below.
Variable Level of
Measurement
Legal representation type (public defender vs. private attorney) Nominal
Response time of police to a call (in minutes) Interval ratio
Confidence in the legal system (1–100 scale) Interval ratio
Confidence in the legal system (not confident, somewhat confident, ordinal
very confident)
(Q1 Score _____ / 2 possible)
QUESTION 2.
Given the information below, which type of hypothesis test is appropriate? Provide an
explanation for your choice.
A researcher is interested in examining whether completion of de-escalation training is related to
the annual number of use-of-force incidents among police officers. The researcher collects data
on each officer’s total number of use-of-force incidents per year and whether they have
completed the required training (yes or no).
The appropriate hypothesis test is the two-sample t-test because it examines the
relationship between two independent groups of officers: those who completed their
de-escalation training and those who did not.
(Q2 Score _____ / 2 possible)
QUESTION 3.
Given the information below, which type of hypothesis test is appropriate? Provide an
explanation for your choice.
A criminal justice researcher wants to examine whether gender is related to attitudes toward the
use of body-worn cameras by police officers. The researcher surveys a sample of adults, asking
their gender (male, female, or nonbinary) and whether they support, oppose, or are undecided
about requiring police officers to wear body cameras.
The appropriate hypothesis test is the chi-squared test because the researcher is
examining 2-4 categories of gender and their opinions. Also, the researcher wants to
examine whether there is a significant difference between the genders and the body-worn
camera support for police officers.
