ANCC FNP review Exam Questions and
Answers (Latest 2026)
special considerations for Thiazides - Correct Answers
✅Chlorthalidone is preferred on the basis of prolonged half-
life and proven trial reduction of CVD.
Monitor for hyponatremia and hypokalemia, monitor uric acid
and calcium levels.
Use with caution in patients with history of acute gout unless
patient is on uric acid-lowering therapy.
special considerations for ACE inhibitors - Correct Answers
✅Do not use in combination with ARBs or direct renin
inhibitor.
There is an increased risk of hyperkalemia, especially in
patients with CKD or in those on K+ supplements or K+-
sparing drugs.
There is a risk of acute renal failure in patients with severe
bilateral renal artery stenosis.
Do not use if patient has history of angioedema with ACE
inhibitors.
ACE inhibitor cough is common, in 5 to 20 percent of patients,
due to bradykinin production.
,ANCC FNP review Exam Questions and
Answers (Latest 2026)
Avoid in pregnant females or females of reproductive age
without adequate contraception
special considerations for Angiotensin receptor blockers -
Correct Answers ✅Do not use in combination with ACE
inhibitors or direct renin inhibitor.
There is an increased risk of hyperkalemia in CKD or in those
on K+ supplements or K+-sparing drugs.
There is a risk of acute renal failure in patients with severe
bilateral renal artery stenosis.
Do not use if patient has history of angioedema with ARBs.
Patients with a history of angioedema with an ACE inhibitor
can receive an ARB beginning 6 weeks after ACE inhibitor is
discontinued.
Avoid in pregnant females or females of reproductive age
without adequate contraception.
Lower risk of cough than ACE-Is.
,ANCC FNP review Exam Questions and
Answers (Latest 2026)
special considerations for Calcium channel blockers - Correct
Answers ✅Associated with dose-related pedal edema,
which is more common in females than men.
When should you Refer to a Nephrologist or Cardiologist in a
hypertensive patient? - Correct Answers ✅-signs of end-
organ damage
-evidence of a secondary cause of hypertension
-only on one to two medications
Generally, failure to achieve blood pressure goal in patients
who are adhering to full doses of an appropriate three to four
drug regimen that includes a diuretic may warrant referral to
a nephrologist or cardiologist
Before referring, clinicians should first review other causes of
inadequate hypertension control such as:
-Improper blood pressure measurement
-White coat hypertension
-Excess sodium intake
-Medication issues (e.g., nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
(NSAIDs), illicit drugs, sympathomimetics, oral
contraceptives)
-Excess alcohol intake
-Underlying identifiable causes of hypertension (secondary
hypertension)
, ANCC FNP review Exam Questions and
Answers (Latest 2026)
A researcher is studying potential risk factors for obesity. She
sends a questionnaire to 5000 patients who meet the CDC
criteria for obesity that asks them about sedentary lifestyle
factors, consumption of processed food, and family history of
obesity. The researcher sends the same questionnaire to
5000 patients who are not obese. Which of the following best
describes the design of the study?
A. Cross-sectional study
B. Randomized controlled trial
C. Meta-analysis
D. Case-control study - Correct Answers ✅Correct Answer:
D. Case-control study
This is a retrospective case-control study. In this
observational study design, subjects are selected based on
an outcome, and their prior exposures are assessed and
compared to subjects who do not have the particular
outcome. The result of the study is expressed as an odds
ratio: OR = (# exposed with disease / # exposed without
disease) / (# not exposed with disease / # not exposed
without disease). A retrospective case-control study does not
prove causation but demonstrates an association.
Incorrect
Answers:
A. A cross-sectional study is used to assess disease status
and risk factors at 1 point in time.
Answers (Latest 2026)
special considerations for Thiazides - Correct Answers
✅Chlorthalidone is preferred on the basis of prolonged half-
life and proven trial reduction of CVD.
Monitor for hyponatremia and hypokalemia, monitor uric acid
and calcium levels.
Use with caution in patients with history of acute gout unless
patient is on uric acid-lowering therapy.
special considerations for ACE inhibitors - Correct Answers
✅Do not use in combination with ARBs or direct renin
inhibitor.
There is an increased risk of hyperkalemia, especially in
patients with CKD or in those on K+ supplements or K+-
sparing drugs.
There is a risk of acute renal failure in patients with severe
bilateral renal artery stenosis.
Do not use if patient has history of angioedema with ACE
inhibitors.
ACE inhibitor cough is common, in 5 to 20 percent of patients,
due to bradykinin production.
,ANCC FNP review Exam Questions and
Answers (Latest 2026)
Avoid in pregnant females or females of reproductive age
without adequate contraception
special considerations for Angiotensin receptor blockers -
Correct Answers ✅Do not use in combination with ACE
inhibitors or direct renin inhibitor.
There is an increased risk of hyperkalemia in CKD or in those
on K+ supplements or K+-sparing drugs.
There is a risk of acute renal failure in patients with severe
bilateral renal artery stenosis.
Do not use if patient has history of angioedema with ARBs.
Patients with a history of angioedema with an ACE inhibitor
can receive an ARB beginning 6 weeks after ACE inhibitor is
discontinued.
Avoid in pregnant females or females of reproductive age
without adequate contraception.
Lower risk of cough than ACE-Is.
,ANCC FNP review Exam Questions and
Answers (Latest 2026)
special considerations for Calcium channel blockers - Correct
Answers ✅Associated with dose-related pedal edema,
which is more common in females than men.
When should you Refer to a Nephrologist or Cardiologist in a
hypertensive patient? - Correct Answers ✅-signs of end-
organ damage
-evidence of a secondary cause of hypertension
-only on one to two medications
Generally, failure to achieve blood pressure goal in patients
who are adhering to full doses of an appropriate three to four
drug regimen that includes a diuretic may warrant referral to
a nephrologist or cardiologist
Before referring, clinicians should first review other causes of
inadequate hypertension control such as:
-Improper blood pressure measurement
-White coat hypertension
-Excess sodium intake
-Medication issues (e.g., nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
(NSAIDs), illicit drugs, sympathomimetics, oral
contraceptives)
-Excess alcohol intake
-Underlying identifiable causes of hypertension (secondary
hypertension)
, ANCC FNP review Exam Questions and
Answers (Latest 2026)
A researcher is studying potential risk factors for obesity. She
sends a questionnaire to 5000 patients who meet the CDC
criteria for obesity that asks them about sedentary lifestyle
factors, consumption of processed food, and family history of
obesity. The researcher sends the same questionnaire to
5000 patients who are not obese. Which of the following best
describes the design of the study?
A. Cross-sectional study
B. Randomized controlled trial
C. Meta-analysis
D. Case-control study - Correct Answers ✅Correct Answer:
D. Case-control study
This is a retrospective case-control study. In this
observational study design, subjects are selected based on
an outcome, and their prior exposures are assessed and
compared to subjects who do not have the particular
outcome. The result of the study is expressed as an odds
ratio: OR = (# exposed with disease / # exposed without
disease) / (# not exposed with disease / # not exposed
without disease). A retrospective case-control study does not
prove causation but demonstrates an association.
Incorrect
Answers:
A. A cross-sectional study is used to assess disease status
and risk factors at 1 point in time.
