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Exam (elaborations)

BIOL 253 Final Exam Study Guide | Complete Notes, Key Concepts & Exam Prep

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Institution BIO 117 MODULE 1
Course BIO 117 MODULE 1
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Ace your BIOL 253 Final Exam with this comprehensive and well-organized study guide. This document covers key concepts, important topics, and essential material to help you revise effectively and perform confidently on your final exam. Perfect for students looking for a clear and concise resource, this guide simplifies complex biology content and is ideal for both in-depth study and last-minute revision.

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Bioghn253ghnfinalghnexam


Organellesghnareghn-ghnCORRECTghnANSWER✔


OrgansghnofghntheghnUrinaryghnsystemghn-
ghnCORRECTghnANSWER✔kidneys,ghnureters,ghnurinaryghnbladder,ghnurethr

a


drawghnandghnlabelghnaghnkidneyghnwithghntheghnfollowingghnterms:ghnCortex,ghnMe
dulla,ghnPelvis,ghnrenalghnartery,ghnrenalghnvein,ghnureter,ghnnephronghn-
ghnCORRECTghnANSWER✔




functionalghnunitghnofghntheghnkidneyghn-ghnCORRECTghnANSWER✔nephron
1ghnmillionghnperghnkidney!


Whatghnpartsghnmakeghnupghntheghnnephron?ghn-
ghnCORRECTghnANSWER✔Renalghncorpuscle



Renalghntubule
Glomerulusghn(capillariesghnthatghnfilterghntheghnbloodghnplasma)ghn
Bowman'sghncapsuleghn(surroundsghntheghnglomerulus)
Efferentghnarteriole
loopghnofghnhenle


Whatghnisghntheghnglomerulusghnmadeghnof?ghn-
ghnCORRECTghnANSWER✔capillaries

,Functionghnofghnaghnnephronghn-
ghnCORRECTghnANSWER✔filterghnbloodghnandghnproduceghnurine




Twoghnnephronghntypesghn-
ghnCORRECTghnANSWER✔juxtamedullary ghnandghncortical




juxtamedullaryghnnephronsghn-ghnCORRECTghnANSWER✔-
Longghnnephronghnloopsghndeeplyghninvadeghnmedullaghn
-Ascendingghnlimbsghnhaveghnthickghnandghnthinghnsegments
-Importantghninghnproductionghnofghnconcentratedghnurine
-foundghnatghntheghnboundaryghnofghntheghncortexghnandghnmedulla


corticalghnnephronsghn-ghnCORRECTghnANSWER✔-
85%ghnofghnallghnnephrons
-shortghnnephronghnloops
-
efferentghnarteriolesghnbranchghnintoghnperitubularghncapillariesghnaroundghnPCTgh
nandghnDCT




Howghnisghnurineghnmadeghninghntheghnkidney?ghn-
ghnCORRECTghnANSWER✔1.)Reabsorption ghn-

ghnmovingghnsubstancesghnwithghntubuleghnintoghntheghnblood.


2.)filtrationghn-ghnoccursghninghntheghnglomerulusghnorghnrenalghncorpuscleghn
3.)secretion

,4.)filtration


drivingghnforceghnforghnfiltrationghn-
ghnCORRECTghnANSWER✔hydrostaticghnpressureghnorghnBP




Whatghnfluidghncomesghnoutghnofghntheghnglomerulus?ghn-
ghnCORRECTghnANSWER✔filtrate




Whatghnisghnfiltrate?ghn-
ghnCORRECTghnANSWER✔mostlyghnwater,ghnelectrolytes,ghnnutrients,ghnan

dghnwasteghnproducts.ghnGlucoseghnisghnnormalghninghnfiltrate.ghn
-similarghntoghnbloodghnplasma


ReabsorptionghninghntheghnNephronghnLoopghn-
ghnCORRECTghnANSWER✔Onlyghnwaterghnisghnabsorbedghninghntheghndescend

ingghnlimb.ghnNa+ghnchlorideghnisghnabsorbedghninghntheghnascendingghnlimbghn(noghn
water).


Statusghnofghnwaterghncomingghnoutghnofghnnephronghnloop?ghn-
ghnCORRECTghnANSWER✔@ghnLowestghnconcentrationghn(diluted)




Processghntakingghnplaceghninghnnephronghnloop?ghn-
ghnCORRECTghnANSWER✔Countercurrent ghnmechanismghn(dilutesghntheghn

urine).ghnCanghnalsoghncreateghnconcentratedghnurineghnfromghntheghnNa+ghnabsorb
edghninghntheghnascendingghnlimb.

, tubularghnsecretionghn-ghnCORRECTghnANSWER✔-
selectivelyghnmovesghnsubstancesghnfromghnbloodghntoghnfiltrateghninghnrenalghntub
ulesghnandghncollectingghnducts
-Fromghnbloodghntoghntubular
-Usuallyghninghntheghndistalghntubule
-K+,ghnH+,ghnUricghnacid,ghnPenicillinghnareghnsecreted


Hormonesghnthatghnregulateghnkidneyghnfunctionghn-
ghnCORRECTghnANSWER✔directly ghn:



ADH
Aldosterone
ANHghn
indirectlyghn:
Reninghn(createdghnbyghnkidney)
Angiotensin


Aldosteroneghnfunctionghn-ghnCORRECTghnANSWER✔-
decreasesghnsodiumghnandghnwaterghnlossghninghnurineghnbyghnreturningghnsodiumghn
andghnwaterghntoghntheghnblood


Aldosterone:ghnTargetghnCellsghn-ghnCORRECTghnANSWER✔kidneys


ANHghnfunctionghn-
ghnCORRECTghnANSWER✔Tellsghnkidneysghnthatghnbloodghnvolumeghnisghntoo

ghnhigh,ghnsoghndumpsghnoutghnH20ghnandghnNa+

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