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N
R
6
6
8
3/30/2026, 5:30:11 PM 3/30/2026, 5:30:09 PM
W
e
e
(NR668 Week 2 (2026 Edition)
k
2
Students
also
studied
,Terms in this set (130)
Theoretical models in psychotherapy
-Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
-Health Belief Model
-Transtheoretical Model of Change
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
-Abraham Maslow theorized that all individuals have the same basic needs
-provides a framework for understanding client motivation
-first four levels of need in the hierarchy
• physiological needs, safety, love & belonging, esteem
• deficiency needs (D-needs)
• Motivation decreases once D-needs are met
-highest level of need
• self-actualization
• considered a growth or being need (B-need)
-Once D-needs
3/30/2026, 5:30:11 arePM
met, clients can focus on self-actualization and personal growth5:30:09
3/30/2026, PM
-A self-actualized person is self-fulfilled.
Qualities exhibited by the self-actualized person include:
(NR668 Week 2 (2026 Edition)
independence, autonomy, creativity, and maturity
Ed is a 32-year-old client who is beginning psychotherapy with the PMHNP. During the
interview, Ed shares that he has been unemployed for the past 6 months due to consolidation
at his former place of employment. Since then, he reports that he has had difficulty sleeping
due to worries about what he should do. His wife has a full-time job with health benefits and
has been supportive of him taking time to find the ideal position while he is collecting
unemployment; however, his unemployment will run out in a few months. He would love to find
a position that would allow him to use his artistic talents but expresses a lack of self-confidence
in his ability to succeed in a new position. Ed reports that he has felt somewhat isolated now
that he doesn't see his friends at work.
The PMHNP has identified needs for Ed at all levels of Maslow's hierarchy. Drag the client's
concern to the appropriate level of the hierarchy
Physiological: difficulty sleeping
Safety: unemployment
Love/belonging: isolation
Esteem: lack of self-confidence
Self-actualization: the need for creativity
, The client expresses that his goal is to focus on improving his self-confidence. Based on
Maslow's hierarchy of needs, is Ed likely to be prepared to explore his lack of self-confidence?
Yes
No
No
Rationale: Because Ed has unmet needs at the physiological, safety, and love/belonging levels
of the hierarchy, he may not yet be prepared to explore self-confidence. The PMHNP may need
to help the client address more foundational needs as part of the initial therapy before helping
him focus on improving his confidence.
Health Belief Model
-used to explain and predict health behaviors
-person's belief about a perceived threat of illness combined with belief in the effectiveness of
the recommended action predict the person's willingness to change
-constructs:
• perceived seriousness
• perceived susceptibility
3/30/2026,
• perceived5:30:11
benefitsPM
of treatment 3/30/2026, 5:30:09 PM
• perceived barriers to treatment
• cues to action
• self-efficacy
(NR668 Week 2 (2026 Edition)
Health Belief Model Constructs: Perceived susceptibility
clients must believe they are susceptible to the condition
Health Belief Model Constructs: Perceived severity
clients must believe the condition has serious consequences if left unattended
Health Belief Model Constructs: Perceived benefits
clients must believe that taking action reduces their susceptibility
Health Belief Model Constructs: Perceived barriers
clients must believe that the benefits of acting are greater than the barriers perceived
, Health Belief Model Constructs: Cue to action
clients are exposed to something that causes them to act, such as an ad or discussion with a
provider
Health Belief Model Constructs: Self-efficacy
clients feel they can succeed when performing an action
Transtheoretical Model of Change
-assumes that behavior changes take place over time & that people move through stages of
decision-making to make changes to behavior
-five stages
1. precontemplation
• not aware or interested in change
2. contemplation
• begin thinking about change
3. preparation
• plan for5:30:11
3/30/2026, change PM 3/30/2026, 5:30:09 PM
4. action
• change old habits and gain new, healthier habits
5. maintenance
• continue with healthier behaviors
(NR668 Week 2 (2026 Edition)
Nancy is a 64-year-old who is wondering if losing weight might benefit her self-esteem and self-
confidence. Based on the transtheoretical model of change, which of the following actions by
the PMHNP would be appropriate for Nancy if she is in the contemplation stage of change?
-Ask Nancy to create a list of reasons that she wants to lose weight.
-Refer Nancy to her primary provider to obtain medical clearance for an exercise program.
-Explore Nancy's anxiety and emotional responses related to being overweight.
-Help Nancy create a list of non-food rewards.
Ask Nancy to create a list of reasons that she wants to lose weight.
Rationale: Creating a list of reasons to lose weight would be appropriate for the contemplation
phase. Obtaining medical clearance for exercise is a part of the preparation phase of the
Transtheoretical Model of Change. Exploring emotional responses to being overweight would
be appropriate for the precontemplation phase. Addressing rewards for reinforcement of
behaviors would occur in the action phase.
N
R
6
6
8
3/30/2026, 5:30:11 PM 3/30/2026, 5:30:09 PM
W
e
e
(NR668 Week 2 (2026 Edition)
k
2
Students
also
studied
,Terms in this set (130)
Theoretical models in psychotherapy
-Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
-Health Belief Model
-Transtheoretical Model of Change
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
-Abraham Maslow theorized that all individuals have the same basic needs
-provides a framework for understanding client motivation
-first four levels of need in the hierarchy
• physiological needs, safety, love & belonging, esteem
• deficiency needs (D-needs)
• Motivation decreases once D-needs are met
-highest level of need
• self-actualization
• considered a growth or being need (B-need)
-Once D-needs
3/30/2026, 5:30:11 arePM
met, clients can focus on self-actualization and personal growth5:30:09
3/30/2026, PM
-A self-actualized person is self-fulfilled.
Qualities exhibited by the self-actualized person include:
(NR668 Week 2 (2026 Edition)
independence, autonomy, creativity, and maturity
Ed is a 32-year-old client who is beginning psychotherapy with the PMHNP. During the
interview, Ed shares that he has been unemployed for the past 6 months due to consolidation
at his former place of employment. Since then, he reports that he has had difficulty sleeping
due to worries about what he should do. His wife has a full-time job with health benefits and
has been supportive of him taking time to find the ideal position while he is collecting
unemployment; however, his unemployment will run out in a few months. He would love to find
a position that would allow him to use his artistic talents but expresses a lack of self-confidence
in his ability to succeed in a new position. Ed reports that he has felt somewhat isolated now
that he doesn't see his friends at work.
The PMHNP has identified needs for Ed at all levels of Maslow's hierarchy. Drag the client's
concern to the appropriate level of the hierarchy
Physiological: difficulty sleeping
Safety: unemployment
Love/belonging: isolation
Esteem: lack of self-confidence
Self-actualization: the need for creativity
, The client expresses that his goal is to focus on improving his self-confidence. Based on
Maslow's hierarchy of needs, is Ed likely to be prepared to explore his lack of self-confidence?
Yes
No
No
Rationale: Because Ed has unmet needs at the physiological, safety, and love/belonging levels
of the hierarchy, he may not yet be prepared to explore self-confidence. The PMHNP may need
to help the client address more foundational needs as part of the initial therapy before helping
him focus on improving his confidence.
Health Belief Model
-used to explain and predict health behaviors
-person's belief about a perceived threat of illness combined with belief in the effectiveness of
the recommended action predict the person's willingness to change
-constructs:
• perceived seriousness
• perceived susceptibility
3/30/2026,
• perceived5:30:11
benefitsPM
of treatment 3/30/2026, 5:30:09 PM
• perceived barriers to treatment
• cues to action
• self-efficacy
(NR668 Week 2 (2026 Edition)
Health Belief Model Constructs: Perceived susceptibility
clients must believe they are susceptible to the condition
Health Belief Model Constructs: Perceived severity
clients must believe the condition has serious consequences if left unattended
Health Belief Model Constructs: Perceived benefits
clients must believe that taking action reduces their susceptibility
Health Belief Model Constructs: Perceived barriers
clients must believe that the benefits of acting are greater than the barriers perceived
, Health Belief Model Constructs: Cue to action
clients are exposed to something that causes them to act, such as an ad or discussion with a
provider
Health Belief Model Constructs: Self-efficacy
clients feel they can succeed when performing an action
Transtheoretical Model of Change
-assumes that behavior changes take place over time & that people move through stages of
decision-making to make changes to behavior
-five stages
1. precontemplation
• not aware or interested in change
2. contemplation
• begin thinking about change
3. preparation
• plan for5:30:11
3/30/2026, change PM 3/30/2026, 5:30:09 PM
4. action
• change old habits and gain new, healthier habits
5. maintenance
• continue with healthier behaviors
(NR668 Week 2 (2026 Edition)
Nancy is a 64-year-old who is wondering if losing weight might benefit her self-esteem and self-
confidence. Based on the transtheoretical model of change, which of the following actions by
the PMHNP would be appropriate for Nancy if she is in the contemplation stage of change?
-Ask Nancy to create a list of reasons that she wants to lose weight.
-Refer Nancy to her primary provider to obtain medical clearance for an exercise program.
-Explore Nancy's anxiety and emotional responses related to being overweight.
-Help Nancy create a list of non-food rewards.
Ask Nancy to create a list of reasons that she wants to lose weight.
Rationale: Creating a list of reasons to lose weight would be appropriate for the contemplation
phase. Obtaining medical clearance for exercise is a part of the preparation phase of the
Transtheoretical Model of Change. Exploring emotional responses to being overweight would
be appropriate for the precontemplation phase. Addressing rewards for reinforcement of
behaviors would occur in the action phase.
