Chapter 2 – Anatomy and Physiology
Cells Tip Sheet
a. Anatomy – The study of the structures of the human body that can be seen with the
naked eye and what it is made up of, the science of the structure of organisms or of
their parts.
b. Physiology – The study of the functions and activities performed by the body’s
structures.
c. Histology – Also known as microscopic anatomy. It is the study of tiny structures
found in living tissues.
I. Cells – The basic unit of all living things, including bacteria, plants, animals, and
humans. Cells carry out all life processes and reproduce. There are trillions in the
human body varying in size, shape, and purpose
a. Cell Structure – Composed of protoplasm, a colorless, jellylike substance, in which
pro team, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts, and water are present.
b. Nucleus – The dense, active protoplasm found in the center of cells; plays an
important part in cell reproduction and metabolism.
● Nucleoplasm – A fluid within the nucleus of a cell that contains proteins. ●
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) – An acids found in the nucleus that determines
our genetic makeup including the color of the eyes, skin, and hair.
c. Cytoplasm – All the protoplasm of a cell except that which is in the nucleus; the
watery fluid that contains food materials necessary for growth, reproduction, and
self-repair of the cell.
Centrosome – Small, round body in the cytoplasm; controls the transportation of
substances in and out of cells and affects reproduction of cells. The centrosome has a
key role in efficient mitosis in animal cells.
d. Cell Membrane – The cell wall; a delicate protoplasmic material that encloses the
protoplasm and permits soluble substances to enter and leave the cell.
Cells Tip Sheet
a. Anatomy – The study of the structures of the human body that can be seen with the
naked eye and what it is made up of, the science of the structure of organisms or of
their parts.
b. Physiology – The study of the functions and activities performed by the body’s
structures.
c. Histology – Also known as microscopic anatomy. It is the study of tiny structures
found in living tissues.
I. Cells – The basic unit of all living things, including bacteria, plants, animals, and
humans. Cells carry out all life processes and reproduce. There are trillions in the
human body varying in size, shape, and purpose
a. Cell Structure – Composed of protoplasm, a colorless, jellylike substance, in which
pro team, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts, and water are present.
b. Nucleus – The dense, active protoplasm found in the center of cells; plays an
important part in cell reproduction and metabolism.
● Nucleoplasm – A fluid within the nucleus of a cell that contains proteins. ●
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) – An acids found in the nucleus that determines
our genetic makeup including the color of the eyes, skin, and hair.
c. Cytoplasm – All the protoplasm of a cell except that which is in the nucleus; the
watery fluid that contains food materials necessary for growth, reproduction, and
self-repair of the cell.
Centrosome – Small, round body in the cytoplasm; controls the transportation of
substances in and out of cells and affects reproduction of cells. The centrosome has a
key role in efficient mitosis in animal cells.
d. Cell Membrane – The cell wall; a delicate protoplasmic material that encloses the
protoplasm and permits soluble substances to enter and leave the cell.
