Chamberlain NR 601 Final Exam - Primary Care of the Maturing and
Older Adult 2026 Chamberlain College
1. Which of the following is the most appropriate first-line pharmacologic
treatment for an older adult newly diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes and no
contraindications?
A. Glipizide
B. Insulin Glargine
C. Pioglitazone
D. Metformin
Answer: D
Rationale: Metformin is the first-line drug of choice for Type 2 Diabetes due to its efficacy,
safety profile, and lack of hypoglycemia risk.
2. According to the JNC-8 guidelines, what is the blood pressure goal for an
adult aged 60 years or older without diabetes or chronic kidney disease?
A. < 120/80 mmHg
B. < 150/90 mmHg
C. < 140/90 mmHg
D. < 130/80 mmHg
Answer: B
Rationale: JNC-8 recommends a target of < 150/90 mmHg for individuals aged 60 and
older who do not have CKD or diabetes.
,3. Which screening tool is most commonly used to identify depression in the
geriatric population?
A. PHQ-9
B. CAGE Questionnaire
C. MMSE
D. GDS (Geriatric Depression Scale)
Answer: D
Rationale: The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is specifically designed and validated for
identifying depression in older adults.
4. What is the gold standard for diagnosing Osteoporosis in postmenopausal
women?
A. Plain Radiograph
B. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan
C. Serum Calcium levels
D. Quantitative Ultrasound
Answer: B
Rationale: DXA scan measuring the hip and lumbar spine is the gold standard for
diagnosing osteoporosis.
5. An 80-year-old patient presents with sudden onset of confusion, inattention,
and fluctuating consciousness. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Delirium
B. Vascular Dementia
C. Alzheimer’s Disease
D. Major Depression
Answer: A
Rationale: Acute onset and fluctuating course are hallmarks of delirium, often triggered by
underlying medical issues in older adults.
, 6. Which criteria are used to identify potentially inappropriate medications in
the elderly?
A. Framingham Criteria
B. GOLD Criteria
C. Centor Criteria
D. Beers Criteria
Answer: D
Rationale: The Beers Criteria are widely used to guide clinicians on medications that
should be avoided or used with caution in older adults.
7. Which of the following is a classic clinical finding in a patient with Parkinson’s
disease?
A. Choreiform movements
B. Resting tremor
C. Intentional tremor
D. Hyperreflexia
Answer: B
Rationale: Resting tremor, often described as ‘pill-rolling,’ is one of the cardinal signs of
Parkinson’s disease along with bradykinesia and rigidity.
8. In the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), which
medication class is known to reduce mortality?
A. Loop Diuretics
B. Beta-Blockers
C. Calcium Channel Blockers
D. Digoxin
Answer: B
Rationale: Beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and ARBs are core therapies proven to reduce
mortality in HFrEF.
Older Adult 2026 Chamberlain College
1. Which of the following is the most appropriate first-line pharmacologic
treatment for an older adult newly diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes and no
contraindications?
A. Glipizide
B. Insulin Glargine
C. Pioglitazone
D. Metformin
Answer: D
Rationale: Metformin is the first-line drug of choice for Type 2 Diabetes due to its efficacy,
safety profile, and lack of hypoglycemia risk.
2. According to the JNC-8 guidelines, what is the blood pressure goal for an
adult aged 60 years or older without diabetes or chronic kidney disease?
A. < 120/80 mmHg
B. < 150/90 mmHg
C. < 140/90 mmHg
D. < 130/80 mmHg
Answer: B
Rationale: JNC-8 recommends a target of < 150/90 mmHg for individuals aged 60 and
older who do not have CKD or diabetes.
,3. Which screening tool is most commonly used to identify depression in the
geriatric population?
A. PHQ-9
B. CAGE Questionnaire
C. MMSE
D. GDS (Geriatric Depression Scale)
Answer: D
Rationale: The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is specifically designed and validated for
identifying depression in older adults.
4. What is the gold standard for diagnosing Osteoporosis in postmenopausal
women?
A. Plain Radiograph
B. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan
C. Serum Calcium levels
D. Quantitative Ultrasound
Answer: B
Rationale: DXA scan measuring the hip and lumbar spine is the gold standard for
diagnosing osteoporosis.
5. An 80-year-old patient presents with sudden onset of confusion, inattention,
and fluctuating consciousness. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Delirium
B. Vascular Dementia
C. Alzheimer’s Disease
D. Major Depression
Answer: A
Rationale: Acute onset and fluctuating course are hallmarks of delirium, often triggered by
underlying medical issues in older adults.
, 6. Which criteria are used to identify potentially inappropriate medications in
the elderly?
A. Framingham Criteria
B. GOLD Criteria
C. Centor Criteria
D. Beers Criteria
Answer: D
Rationale: The Beers Criteria are widely used to guide clinicians on medications that
should be avoided or used with caution in older adults.
7. Which of the following is a classic clinical finding in a patient with Parkinson’s
disease?
A. Choreiform movements
B. Resting tremor
C. Intentional tremor
D. Hyperreflexia
Answer: B
Rationale: Resting tremor, often described as ‘pill-rolling,’ is one of the cardinal signs of
Parkinson’s disease along with bradykinesia and rigidity.
8. In the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), which
medication class is known to reduce mortality?
A. Loop Diuretics
B. Beta-Blockers
C. Calcium Channel Blockers
D. Digoxin
Answer: B
Rationale: Beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and ARBs are core therapies proven to reduce
mortality in HFrEF.
