Chamberlain NR 601 Final Exam - Maturing and Aged Family 2026
1. According to the Beer’s Criteria, which medication class should be avoided in
elderly patients due to high risk of falls and fractures?
A. ACE Inhibitors
B. Benzodiazepines
C. Statins
D. Proton Pump Inhibitors
Answer: B
Rationale: Benzodiazepines increase the risk of cognitive impairment, falls, and fractures
in the elderly and are listed on the Beer’s Criteria for potentially inappropriate medication
use.
2. A 75-year-old patient presents with acute confusion that fluctuates
throughout the day. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Delirium
B. Vascular Dementia
C. Alzheimer’s Disease
D. Major Depression
Answer: A
Rationale: Delirium is characterized by an acute onset, fluctuating course, and
disturbances in attention, whereas dementia has a gradual onset.
,3. What is the recommended T-score for diagnosing osteoporosis in a
postmenopausal woman?
A. -1.0 to -2.5
B. -2.5 or lower
C. Greater than -1.0
D. -1.5 or lower
Answer: B
Rationale: Osteoporosis is defined by the WHO as a T-score of -2.5 or lower on a DXA scan.
4. In the frail elderly, what is the target HbA1c level recommended by the
American Geriatrics Society?
A. Less than 6.5%
B. Less than 7.0%
C. 8.5% to 9.0%
D. 7.5% to 8.0%
Answer: D
Rationale: For older adults with multiple chronic conditions and functional impairment, a
less stringent HbA1c goal of 7.5% to 8.0% is often recommended to avoid hypoglycemia.
5. Which physical exam finding is most characteristic of Osteoarthritis in the
distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints?
A. Bouchard’s nodes
B. Swan-neck deformity
C. Heberden’s nodes
D. Ulnar deviation
Answer: C
Rationale: Heberden’s nodes occur at the DIP joints in osteoarthritis, while Bouchard’s
nodes occur at the PIP joints.
, 6. Which of the following is considered an Instrumental Activity of Daily Living
(IADL)?
A. Bathing
B. Dressing
C. Managing finances
D. Feeding oneself
Answer: C
Rationale: IADLs are more complex tasks necessary for living independently, such as
shopping, cooking, and managing finances. Bathing and dressing are basic ADLs.
7. A 70-year-old patient with HTN and CKD (Stage 3) should avoid which class of
medications?
A. Calcium Channel Blockers
B. Beta Blockers
C. NSAIDs
D. ARBs
Answer: C
Rationale: NSAIDs can further decrease renal perfusion and exacerbate chronic kidney
disease in the elderly.
8. What is the primary goal of palliative care?
A. To cure the underlying disease
B. To provide care only in the last 6 months of life
C. To assist in physician-aided suicide
D. To improve quality of life and manage symptoms
Answer: D
Rationale: Palliative care focuses on relief from symptoms and stress of a serious illness to
improve quality of life for both the patient and the family.
1. According to the Beer’s Criteria, which medication class should be avoided in
elderly patients due to high risk of falls and fractures?
A. ACE Inhibitors
B. Benzodiazepines
C. Statins
D. Proton Pump Inhibitors
Answer: B
Rationale: Benzodiazepines increase the risk of cognitive impairment, falls, and fractures
in the elderly and are listed on the Beer’s Criteria for potentially inappropriate medication
use.
2. A 75-year-old patient presents with acute confusion that fluctuates
throughout the day. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Delirium
B. Vascular Dementia
C. Alzheimer’s Disease
D. Major Depression
Answer: A
Rationale: Delirium is characterized by an acute onset, fluctuating course, and
disturbances in attention, whereas dementia has a gradual onset.
,3. What is the recommended T-score for diagnosing osteoporosis in a
postmenopausal woman?
A. -1.0 to -2.5
B. -2.5 or lower
C. Greater than -1.0
D. -1.5 or lower
Answer: B
Rationale: Osteoporosis is defined by the WHO as a T-score of -2.5 or lower on a DXA scan.
4. In the frail elderly, what is the target HbA1c level recommended by the
American Geriatrics Society?
A. Less than 6.5%
B. Less than 7.0%
C. 8.5% to 9.0%
D. 7.5% to 8.0%
Answer: D
Rationale: For older adults with multiple chronic conditions and functional impairment, a
less stringent HbA1c goal of 7.5% to 8.0% is often recommended to avoid hypoglycemia.
5. Which physical exam finding is most characteristic of Osteoarthritis in the
distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints?
A. Bouchard’s nodes
B. Swan-neck deformity
C. Heberden’s nodes
D. Ulnar deviation
Answer: C
Rationale: Heberden’s nodes occur at the DIP joints in osteoarthritis, while Bouchard’s
nodes occur at the PIP joints.
, 6. Which of the following is considered an Instrumental Activity of Daily Living
(IADL)?
A. Bathing
B. Dressing
C. Managing finances
D. Feeding oneself
Answer: C
Rationale: IADLs are more complex tasks necessary for living independently, such as
shopping, cooking, and managing finances. Bathing and dressing are basic ADLs.
7. A 70-year-old patient with HTN and CKD (Stage 3) should avoid which class of
medications?
A. Calcium Channel Blockers
B. Beta Blockers
C. NSAIDs
D. ARBs
Answer: C
Rationale: NSAIDs can further decrease renal perfusion and exacerbate chronic kidney
disease in the elderly.
8. What is the primary goal of palliative care?
A. To cure the underlying disease
B. To provide care only in the last 6 months of life
C. To assist in physician-aided suicide
D. To improve quality of life and manage symptoms
Answer: D
Rationale: Palliative care focuses on relief from symptoms and stress of a serious illness to
improve quality of life for both the patient and the family.
