PSYC 388 Counseling Psychology - Part
1 (Unit 1-4) with Complete Solutions |
New Update 2026
Define counselling using the CCPA Definition - ANSWERS The overall aim of
counsellors is to provide an opportunity for people to work towards living more
satisfyingly and resourcefully.
Counselling relationships will vary according to need but may be concerned with
developmental issues, addressing and resolving specific problems, making
decisions, coping with crisis, developing personal insights and knowledge, working
through feelings of inner conflict or improving relationships with others.
List the major events that influenced the development of counselling from before
1900 to 2000. - ANSWERS Before 1900
-Counselling grew out of humanitarian concern for the lives of those impacted by
the Industrial Revolution Moral Therapy Movement (France/Canada)
-Mental Health Movement (1900-1909) + Clifford Beers (Advocate (with lived
experience) for better mental health facilities and reform in treatment of those
with mental illness) Co-founded CMHA in 1918.
-Vocational Guidance Movement (1900-1909) + Frank Parsons (Choosing a
vocation was matter of knowledge of work, knowledge of self, and matching two
together through reasoning)
1910s to 1940s.
, -Smith-Hughes Act of 1917: $$$ for vocational guidance and education. 1920s:
Edward Thorndike challenged vocational orientation of counselling, argued for the
broadening of counselling.
-Psychometrics were embraced, which helped the discipline be respected in
scientific community but neglected sociology, biology, anthropology.
-1931: First mention of "counselling" in literature.E.G. Williamson in 1930s:
-First counselling theory, which emphasized direct, counsellor-centered approach
and the counsellor's teaching, mentoring, and influencing skills. Premise:
Individuals had traits that could be integrated in variety of ways to form factors
(constellations of individual characteristics). Counsellor must ascertain a
deficiency in the client and then prescribe a procedure to rectify the problem.
-Late 1930s: WWII created role for psychologists and counsellors in both US and
Canada: test construction, administration, scoring for selecting and classifying
military personnel.
-1939: CPA formed by E.A. Bott, George Humphrey, Roy Liddy.
-1942: Carl Rogers published Counselling and Psychotherapy, which challenged the
counsellor-centered approach of Williamson as well as major tenets of Freudian
psychoanalysis. He also emphasized the importance of the client and gave them
responsib
Identify and briefly discuss at least five important factors that have influenced the
development of counselling in Canada since 1960. - ANSWERS 1)Community
mental health movement, which helped bring counselling out of education and
into mainstream
2) Shift in focus from remediation to prevention and emphasis on positive
psychology: growth and development of persons
3)Recognition and standardization of the counselling discipline
4)Development of and focus on helping skills (relationship, comms) as key to
discipline
1 (Unit 1-4) with Complete Solutions |
New Update 2026
Define counselling using the CCPA Definition - ANSWERS The overall aim of
counsellors is to provide an opportunity for people to work towards living more
satisfyingly and resourcefully.
Counselling relationships will vary according to need but may be concerned with
developmental issues, addressing and resolving specific problems, making
decisions, coping with crisis, developing personal insights and knowledge, working
through feelings of inner conflict or improving relationships with others.
List the major events that influenced the development of counselling from before
1900 to 2000. - ANSWERS Before 1900
-Counselling grew out of humanitarian concern for the lives of those impacted by
the Industrial Revolution Moral Therapy Movement (France/Canada)
-Mental Health Movement (1900-1909) + Clifford Beers (Advocate (with lived
experience) for better mental health facilities and reform in treatment of those
with mental illness) Co-founded CMHA in 1918.
-Vocational Guidance Movement (1900-1909) + Frank Parsons (Choosing a
vocation was matter of knowledge of work, knowledge of self, and matching two
together through reasoning)
1910s to 1940s.
, -Smith-Hughes Act of 1917: $$$ for vocational guidance and education. 1920s:
Edward Thorndike challenged vocational orientation of counselling, argued for the
broadening of counselling.
-Psychometrics were embraced, which helped the discipline be respected in
scientific community but neglected sociology, biology, anthropology.
-1931: First mention of "counselling" in literature.E.G. Williamson in 1930s:
-First counselling theory, which emphasized direct, counsellor-centered approach
and the counsellor's teaching, mentoring, and influencing skills. Premise:
Individuals had traits that could be integrated in variety of ways to form factors
(constellations of individual characteristics). Counsellor must ascertain a
deficiency in the client and then prescribe a procedure to rectify the problem.
-Late 1930s: WWII created role for psychologists and counsellors in both US and
Canada: test construction, administration, scoring for selecting and classifying
military personnel.
-1939: CPA formed by E.A. Bott, George Humphrey, Roy Liddy.
-1942: Carl Rogers published Counselling and Psychotherapy, which challenged the
counsellor-centered approach of Williamson as well as major tenets of Freudian
psychoanalysis. He also emphasized the importance of the client and gave them
responsib
Identify and briefly discuss at least five important factors that have influenced the
development of counselling in Canada since 1960. - ANSWERS 1)Community
mental health movement, which helped bring counselling out of education and
into mainstream
2) Shift in focus from remediation to prevention and emphasis on positive
psychology: growth and development of persons
3)Recognition and standardization of the counselling discipline
4)Development of and focus on helping skills (relationship, comms) as key to
discipline
