WGU D431 TASK 1 CERTIFICATION SCRIPT
2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◍ Heap (H).
Answer: Dynamic memory for a program comes from the heap segment. A
process may use a memory allocator such as malloc to request dynamic
memory.
◍ Long Term Evolution (LTE).
Answer: A standard for wireless communication of high-speed data for
mobile devices. This is what is commonly called 4G.
◍ Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP).
Answer: A protocol used to send email that works on port 25.
◍ Physical damage.
Answer: Damage to actual hard drive parts; for example, a damaged platter
or spindle.
◍ 18 USC § 1028A Identity Theft and Aggravated Identity Theft.
Answer: As the name suggests, this law targets any crime related to identity
theft. It is often applied in stolen credit card cases.
◍ Unallocated space.
Answer: Free space, or the area of a hard drive that has never been allocated
for file storage.
◍ ISO9660.
Answer: A file system used with CDs.
◍ Sniffer.
Answer: Computer software or hardware that can intercept and log traffic
, passing over a digital network.
◍ Cell-phone forensics.
Answer: The process of searching the contents of cell phones.
◍ Cyberstalking.
Answer: The use of electronic communications to harass or threaten another
person.
◍ Carrier.
Answer: The signal, stream, or data file in which the payload is hidden.
◍ International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) number.
Answer: A unique number identifying GSM, LTE, and other types of
phones. The first 8 bits of the ESN identify the manufacturer, and the
subsequent 24 bits uniquely identify the phone.
◍ Recover time objective (RTO).
Answer: The time that the system is expected to be back up. This must be
less than MTD.
◍ High-level format.
Answer: Setting up an empty file system and installing a boot sector in a
drive. Also called a quick format.
◍ Rainbow table.
Answer: Type of password crackers that work with precalculated hashes off
all passwords available within a certain character space.
◍ Application log.
Answer: This log contains various events logged by applications or
programs. Many applications record their errors here.
◍ Test system.
Answer: A functional system compatible with the hard drive from which
someone is trying to recover data.
◍ Steganography.
Answer: The art and science of writing hidden messages.
, ◍ Techniques of forensic analysis.
Answer: LivePhysicalLogical
◍ Anti-forensics.
Answer: The actions that perpetrators take to conceal their locations,
activities, or identities.
◍ Intrusion detection system.
Answer: A system that monitors network traffic looking for suspicious
activity.
◍ What's /var/log/lpr?.
Answer: Linux printer log
◍ Forensic tools for mobile devices.
Answer: Forensic Toolkit and EnCase can both image a phoneOxygen
ForensicsCellebriteMobileEditData DoctorDevice SeizureForensic SIM
Cloner
◍ Routing table.
Answer: A table used with routers to track what IP addresses are connected
to ports on the router.
◍ Which types of data are the authorities allowed to get from service
providers?.
Answer: The ECPA requires different legal processes to obtain specific
types of information:Basic subscriber information: includes name, address,
billing information including a credit card number, telephone toll billing
records, subscriber's telephone number, type of service, and length of
service. An investigator can obtain this type of information with a subpoena,
court order, or search warrant.Transactional information: includes websites
visited, email addresses of others with whom the subscriber exchanged
email, and buddy lists. An investigator can obtain this type of information
with a court order or search warrant.Content information: An investigator
who has a search warrant can obtain content information from retrieved
email messages and also acquire unretrieved stored emails.Real-time access:
2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◍ Heap (H).
Answer: Dynamic memory for a program comes from the heap segment. A
process may use a memory allocator such as malloc to request dynamic
memory.
◍ Long Term Evolution (LTE).
Answer: A standard for wireless communication of high-speed data for
mobile devices. This is what is commonly called 4G.
◍ Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP).
Answer: A protocol used to send email that works on port 25.
◍ Physical damage.
Answer: Damage to actual hard drive parts; for example, a damaged platter
or spindle.
◍ 18 USC § 1028A Identity Theft and Aggravated Identity Theft.
Answer: As the name suggests, this law targets any crime related to identity
theft. It is often applied in stolen credit card cases.
◍ Unallocated space.
Answer: Free space, or the area of a hard drive that has never been allocated
for file storage.
◍ ISO9660.
Answer: A file system used with CDs.
◍ Sniffer.
Answer: Computer software or hardware that can intercept and log traffic
, passing over a digital network.
◍ Cell-phone forensics.
Answer: The process of searching the contents of cell phones.
◍ Cyberstalking.
Answer: The use of electronic communications to harass or threaten another
person.
◍ Carrier.
Answer: The signal, stream, or data file in which the payload is hidden.
◍ International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) number.
Answer: A unique number identifying GSM, LTE, and other types of
phones. The first 8 bits of the ESN identify the manufacturer, and the
subsequent 24 bits uniquely identify the phone.
◍ Recover time objective (RTO).
Answer: The time that the system is expected to be back up. This must be
less than MTD.
◍ High-level format.
Answer: Setting up an empty file system and installing a boot sector in a
drive. Also called a quick format.
◍ Rainbow table.
Answer: Type of password crackers that work with precalculated hashes off
all passwords available within a certain character space.
◍ Application log.
Answer: This log contains various events logged by applications or
programs. Many applications record their errors here.
◍ Test system.
Answer: A functional system compatible with the hard drive from which
someone is trying to recover data.
◍ Steganography.
Answer: The art and science of writing hidden messages.
, ◍ Techniques of forensic analysis.
Answer: LivePhysicalLogical
◍ Anti-forensics.
Answer: The actions that perpetrators take to conceal their locations,
activities, or identities.
◍ Intrusion detection system.
Answer: A system that monitors network traffic looking for suspicious
activity.
◍ What's /var/log/lpr?.
Answer: Linux printer log
◍ Forensic tools for mobile devices.
Answer: Forensic Toolkit and EnCase can both image a phoneOxygen
ForensicsCellebriteMobileEditData DoctorDevice SeizureForensic SIM
Cloner
◍ Routing table.
Answer: A table used with routers to track what IP addresses are connected
to ports on the router.
◍ Which types of data are the authorities allowed to get from service
providers?.
Answer: The ECPA requires different legal processes to obtain specific
types of information:Basic subscriber information: includes name, address,
billing information including a credit card number, telephone toll billing
records, subscriber's telephone number, type of service, and length of
service. An investigator can obtain this type of information with a subpoena,
court order, or search warrant.Transactional information: includes websites
visited, email addresses of others with whom the subscriber exchanged
email, and buddy lists. An investigator can obtain this type of information
with a court order or search warrant.Content information: An investigator
who has a search warrant can obtain content information from retrieved
email messages and also acquire unretrieved stored emails.Real-time access:
