BIO 210 - FINAL EXAM REVIEW, Final
exam bio 210 trident tech
Anatomy - answer the study of structure
Physiology - answer the study of function
Metabolism - answer all the chemical reactions that happen in our body cells
Catabolism - answer the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones. Catabolic
reaction
Anabolism – answer The building up of complex molecules from simpler ones
Levels of Structural Organization - answer Atom (chemical), Molecule (chemical), Cell
tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism
Homeostasis - answerThe maintenance of the internal environment regardless of
external conditions
Negative feedback mechanism - answerMost feedback mechanisms are this type -
regulating body temperature, blood pressure, blood glucose
Cranial Cavity - answerBrain and spinal cord
vertebral cavity - answerspinal cord
thoracic cavity - answerheart and lungs
abdominopelvic cavity - answerstoach digestive organs
parietal membrane - answerlines cavity wall
visceral membrane - answerlines the organs surface
ATP - answera form of energy used by all reactions in cells. Made in the mitochondria
4 elements that make up 96% of the human body - answerOxygen, hydrogen, carbon
and nitrogen
atomic number - answernumber of protons. Always the same as the number of
electrons
,Atomic mass - answerdecimal number - number of protons and neutrons together - if
you subtract the protons you get the number of neutrons
ionic bonds - answerthe transfer of one or more electrons
anion - answernegative charge - gains one electron
cation - answerpositive charge - loses one electron
covalent bond - answershared electrons
2 types of covalent bonds - answerPolar - unequal sharing of electrons
Nonpolar - equal sharing of electrons
PH - answerAcid base concentration - homeostasis of acid base balance is regulated by
chemicals called buffers
buffers - answeracccept hydrogen ions when PH is high and donates when the PH is
low
Carbohydrates - organic compound - answerfructose, glycogen
Protiens - organic compound - answeramino acids and enzymes
Lipids - organic compound - answertriglycerides, cholesterol
Nucleic acids - organic compound - answerDNA, RNA
DNA nitrogenous bases - answerAdenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine (AGCT)
RNA nitrogenous bases - answerAdenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil (AGSU)
Plasma Membrane - answerPhospholipid bilayer composed of hydrophilic (phosphate)
heads and hydrophobic (lipid) tails
Resting membrane potential - answermaintained by sodium potassium pump (active
transport) - takes 3 sodium out and 2 potassium in
K+ Potassium - answer10 times higher inside the cell - major intracellular cation
Na+ Sodium - answer10 times higher outside the cell - major extracellular cation
passive transport - osmosis - answerMovement of water. Water follows salt, thats what
makes it move
, Hypotonic solution - answercells lyse/burst
Isotonic solution - answerno change
Hypertonic solution - answercell shrink
cell cycle - answerbefore a cell can divide, it's DNA has to be replicated exactly
3 stages of interphase - answerG1 - Growth and metabolism
S - DNA replication
G2 - Preparation for division
Cell Division - Mitosis - answer4 Phases
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Prophase - answerchromosomes appear
Metaphase - answerchromosomes cluster in the middle
Anaphase - answerdaughter chromosomes appear
Telophase - answeridentical sets of chromosomes at opposite poles; cleavage furrow
Cytokinesis - answercomplete division of the cell
Protein synthesis - Transcription - answerDNA's information is encoded by a codon in
mRNA. Happens in the nucleus
Protein synthesis - Translation - answerInformation carried by the mRNAis decoded by
an anticodon and used to assemble polypeptides. Happens in the cytosol/ribosome
Tissues - answerGroups of cells similar in structure that perform a specific function
Epithelial Tissue - answera sheet of cells that cover a body surface or lines a cavity
Connective Tissue (CT) - answerCT Proper - fibroblasts
Cartilage - chondrocytes
Bone - Osteocytes
Blood - erythrocytes and leukocytes and platelets
Muscle tissue - answerskeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
smooth muscle
exam bio 210 trident tech
Anatomy - answer the study of structure
Physiology - answer the study of function
Metabolism - answer all the chemical reactions that happen in our body cells
Catabolism - answer the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones. Catabolic
reaction
Anabolism – answer The building up of complex molecules from simpler ones
Levels of Structural Organization - answer Atom (chemical), Molecule (chemical), Cell
tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism
Homeostasis - answerThe maintenance of the internal environment regardless of
external conditions
Negative feedback mechanism - answerMost feedback mechanisms are this type -
regulating body temperature, blood pressure, blood glucose
Cranial Cavity - answerBrain and spinal cord
vertebral cavity - answerspinal cord
thoracic cavity - answerheart and lungs
abdominopelvic cavity - answerstoach digestive organs
parietal membrane - answerlines cavity wall
visceral membrane - answerlines the organs surface
ATP - answera form of energy used by all reactions in cells. Made in the mitochondria
4 elements that make up 96% of the human body - answerOxygen, hydrogen, carbon
and nitrogen
atomic number - answernumber of protons. Always the same as the number of
electrons
,Atomic mass - answerdecimal number - number of protons and neutrons together - if
you subtract the protons you get the number of neutrons
ionic bonds - answerthe transfer of one or more electrons
anion - answernegative charge - gains one electron
cation - answerpositive charge - loses one electron
covalent bond - answershared electrons
2 types of covalent bonds - answerPolar - unequal sharing of electrons
Nonpolar - equal sharing of electrons
PH - answerAcid base concentration - homeostasis of acid base balance is regulated by
chemicals called buffers
buffers - answeracccept hydrogen ions when PH is high and donates when the PH is
low
Carbohydrates - organic compound - answerfructose, glycogen
Protiens - organic compound - answeramino acids and enzymes
Lipids - organic compound - answertriglycerides, cholesterol
Nucleic acids - organic compound - answerDNA, RNA
DNA nitrogenous bases - answerAdenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine (AGCT)
RNA nitrogenous bases - answerAdenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil (AGSU)
Plasma Membrane - answerPhospholipid bilayer composed of hydrophilic (phosphate)
heads and hydrophobic (lipid) tails
Resting membrane potential - answermaintained by sodium potassium pump (active
transport) - takes 3 sodium out and 2 potassium in
K+ Potassium - answer10 times higher inside the cell - major intracellular cation
Na+ Sodium - answer10 times higher outside the cell - major extracellular cation
passive transport - osmosis - answerMovement of water. Water follows salt, thats what
makes it move
, Hypotonic solution - answercells lyse/burst
Isotonic solution - answerno change
Hypertonic solution - answercell shrink
cell cycle - answerbefore a cell can divide, it's DNA has to be replicated exactly
3 stages of interphase - answerG1 - Growth and metabolism
S - DNA replication
G2 - Preparation for division
Cell Division - Mitosis - answer4 Phases
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Prophase - answerchromosomes appear
Metaphase - answerchromosomes cluster in the middle
Anaphase - answerdaughter chromosomes appear
Telophase - answeridentical sets of chromosomes at opposite poles; cleavage furrow
Cytokinesis - answercomplete division of the cell
Protein synthesis - Transcription - answerDNA's information is encoded by a codon in
mRNA. Happens in the nucleus
Protein synthesis - Translation - answerInformation carried by the mRNAis decoded by
an anticodon and used to assemble polypeptides. Happens in the cytosol/ribosome
Tissues - answerGroups of cells similar in structure that perform a specific function
Epithelial Tissue - answera sheet of cells that cover a body surface or lines a cavity
Connective Tissue (CT) - answerCT Proper - fibroblasts
Cartilage - chondrocytes
Bone - Osteocytes
Blood - erythrocytes and leukocytes and platelets
Muscle tissue - answerskeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
smooth muscle
