BIOL251 Human Anatomy & Physiology I w/Lab |
Module 7 Exam
2026 Edition | 160 Questions & Answers with
Rationales
1. What is the primary function of the special senses?
A) Muscle movement coordination
B) Detecting environmental stimuli
C) Maintaining homeostasis of blood pH
D) Nutrient absorption in the digestive tract
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Special senses (vision, hearing, equilibrium, taste, and smell) are specifically designed to
detect environmental stimuli and convert them into nerve impulses .
2. Which structure of the eye contains the photoreceptors known as rods and cones?
A) Cornea
B) Retina
C) Lens
D) Optic disc
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The retina is the innermost, light-sensitive layer of the eye containing photoreceptor cells
(rods for low-light vision and cones for color) .
,3. True or False: The cornea is vascularized to provide oxygen to the eye.
A) True
B) False
Correct Answer: B (False)
Rationale: The cornea is avascular (lacks blood vessels) to maintain transparency; it receives oxygen and
nutrients from tears and the aqueous humor .
4. What is the role of the lens in vision?
A) Protecting the inner structures of the eye
B) Focusing light onto the retina
C) Producing vitreous humor
D) Regulating the amount of light entering the eye
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The lens changes shape (accommodation) to bend light rays and focus them precisely on the
retina .
5. Which structure controls the diameter of the pupil?
A) Cornea
B) Retina
C) Iris
D) Sclera
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The iris is a pigmented smooth muscle that contracts or relaxes to control the amount of light
entering the eye via the pupil .
,6. Which of the following is the correct pathway of light entering the eye?
A) Cornea -> Lens -> Pupil -> Retina
B) Pupil -> Cornea -> Lens -> Retina
C) Cornea -> Pupil -> Lens -> Retina
D) Lens -> Cornea -> Pupil -> Retina
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Light first passes through the cornea, then the pupil (opening of the iris), then the lens, and
finally strikes the retina.
7. The transparent anterior portion of the fibrous tunic is called the:
A) Sclera
B) Choroid
C) Cornea
D) Conjunctiva
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The fibrous tunic consists of the sclera (white of the eye) and the cornea (clear anterior
portion) .
8. Aqueous humor is found in which chamber of the eye?
A) Vitreous chamber
B) Anterior and posterior chambers (anterior segment)
C) Optic chamber
D) Choroid chamber
Correct Answer: B
, Rationale: Aqueous humor is a watery fluid located in the anterior segment (anterior and posterior
chambers) of the eye, maintaining intraocular pressure .
9. Which cranial nerve transmits visual information from the retina to the brain?
A) Oculomotor (CN III)
B) Trochlear (CN IV)
C) Optic (CN II)
D) Abducens (CN VI)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The optic nerve (Cranial Nerve II) is a sensory nerve that carries visual impulses from the
retina to the occipital lobe .
10. The gel-like substance that helps maintain the shape of the eyeball is the:
A) Aqueous humor
B) Vitreous humor
C) Lacrimal fluid
D) Choroid fluid
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The vitreous humor is a transparent gel that fills the posterior cavity, supporting the retina
and maintaining intraocular pressure .
11. What is the function of the ciliary body?
A) To produce tears
B) To change the shape of the lens
C) To drain aqueous humor
D) To constrict the pupil
Module 7 Exam
2026 Edition | 160 Questions & Answers with
Rationales
1. What is the primary function of the special senses?
A) Muscle movement coordination
B) Detecting environmental stimuli
C) Maintaining homeostasis of blood pH
D) Nutrient absorption in the digestive tract
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Special senses (vision, hearing, equilibrium, taste, and smell) are specifically designed to
detect environmental stimuli and convert them into nerve impulses .
2. Which structure of the eye contains the photoreceptors known as rods and cones?
A) Cornea
B) Retina
C) Lens
D) Optic disc
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The retina is the innermost, light-sensitive layer of the eye containing photoreceptor cells
(rods for low-light vision and cones for color) .
,3. True or False: The cornea is vascularized to provide oxygen to the eye.
A) True
B) False
Correct Answer: B (False)
Rationale: The cornea is avascular (lacks blood vessels) to maintain transparency; it receives oxygen and
nutrients from tears and the aqueous humor .
4. What is the role of the lens in vision?
A) Protecting the inner structures of the eye
B) Focusing light onto the retina
C) Producing vitreous humor
D) Regulating the amount of light entering the eye
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The lens changes shape (accommodation) to bend light rays and focus them precisely on the
retina .
5. Which structure controls the diameter of the pupil?
A) Cornea
B) Retina
C) Iris
D) Sclera
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The iris is a pigmented smooth muscle that contracts or relaxes to control the amount of light
entering the eye via the pupil .
,6. Which of the following is the correct pathway of light entering the eye?
A) Cornea -> Lens -> Pupil -> Retina
B) Pupil -> Cornea -> Lens -> Retina
C) Cornea -> Pupil -> Lens -> Retina
D) Lens -> Cornea -> Pupil -> Retina
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Light first passes through the cornea, then the pupil (opening of the iris), then the lens, and
finally strikes the retina.
7. The transparent anterior portion of the fibrous tunic is called the:
A) Sclera
B) Choroid
C) Cornea
D) Conjunctiva
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The fibrous tunic consists of the sclera (white of the eye) and the cornea (clear anterior
portion) .
8. Aqueous humor is found in which chamber of the eye?
A) Vitreous chamber
B) Anterior and posterior chambers (anterior segment)
C) Optic chamber
D) Choroid chamber
Correct Answer: B
, Rationale: Aqueous humor is a watery fluid located in the anterior segment (anterior and posterior
chambers) of the eye, maintaining intraocular pressure .
9. Which cranial nerve transmits visual information from the retina to the brain?
A) Oculomotor (CN III)
B) Trochlear (CN IV)
C) Optic (CN II)
D) Abducens (CN VI)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The optic nerve (Cranial Nerve II) is a sensory nerve that carries visual impulses from the
retina to the occipital lobe .
10. The gel-like substance that helps maintain the shape of the eyeball is the:
A) Aqueous humor
B) Vitreous humor
C) Lacrimal fluid
D) Choroid fluid
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The vitreous humor is a transparent gel that fills the posterior cavity, supporting the retina
and maintaining intraocular pressure .
11. What is the function of the ciliary body?
A) To produce tears
B) To change the shape of the lens
C) To drain aqueous humor
D) To constrict the pupil
