,Basic Molecular Orbital
Theory
And Frontier Molecular Orbitals
,Molecular Orbital Theory and Carbonyls
- Resonance and hyperconjugation play a
large role in stabilizing carbonyls
- Stabilizing carbonyls raises the pi star
LUMO which lowers reactivity
- Inductive effect lowers the pi star LUMO
which raises reactivity
,Hydrides and Carbanions (Reducing
agents)
Hydride sources:
- Strong: Lithium aluminum hydride: LiAlH4 (solvent is
polar aprotic)
- Weak: Sodium borohydride: NaBH4 (solvent is polar
protic)
Carbanion sources:
- Strong: Organolithium: Li-R (solvent is polar aprotic)
- Weak: Grignard Reagents: R-MgBr (solvent is polar
aprotic)
,Reactions of Reducing Agents
, Oxidation
Oxidation state - OILRIG
Oxidation level - classifies the number of electronegative atoms the carbon is
bonded to