Intro to Molecular Diagnostics Lecture Final Exam Questions and Answers Study Guide 1 of 79 2026-03-28
Intro to Molecular
Diagnostics Lecture Final
Exam Questions and
Answers Study Guide
Guidehttps://www.stuvia.com/dashboard!@_)#*)(@$)($@*($@)($@*_
Intro to Molecular Diagnostics Lecture Final Exam Questions and Answers Study Guide.pdf 1 Intro to Molecular Diagnostics Lecture Final Exam Questions and Answers Study Guide.pdf
,Intro to Molecular Diagnostics Lecture Exam (Final) 2 of 79 2026-03-28
What is molecular diagnostics? Study of nucleic acids, using molecular biology techniques, to make
diagnoses
· DNA
· RNA
Molecular diagnostics vs conventional methods Increased sensitivity and specificity
Advantages Faster turn-around time
Genetic diagnosis identifies the mechanism responsible for the
phenotype
Molecular diagnostics vs conventional methods Detection of pathogen DNA/RNA does not guarantee active
Disadvantages colonization
False-negatives as a result of mutations at the primer/probe binding
sites
Potential for contamination
DNA concentration and purity as measured by the 1 OD260 = 50 μg/mL dsDNA (concentration)
nanodrop. OD260/ OD280 = ~1.8 (indicates “pure” DNA; lower is less pure)
Intro to Molecular Diagnostics Lecture Exam (Final).pdf 2 Intro to Molecular Diagnostics Lecture Exam (Final).pdf
,Intro to Molecular Diagnostics Lecture Exam (Final) 3 of 79 2026-03-28
RNA concentration and purity as measured by the 1 OD260 = 40 μg/mL RNA (concentration)
nanodrop. OD260/ OD280 = ~2.0 (indicates “pure” RNA; lower is less pure)
DNA and RNA concentration and purity as o Contaminants
measured by the nanodrop. A280 = protein (tryptophan/ tyrosine)
A230 = EDTA, carbohydrates & phenol
OD260/OD230 for “pure” DNA/RNA should be ~2-2.2
Isolation of mRNA to analyze gene expression. o Using the poly a tail on the messenger RNA that the other RNAs
don’t have
Intro to Molecular Diagnostics Lecture Exam (Final).pdf 3 Intro to Molecular Diagnostics Lecture Exam (Final).pdf
, Intro to Molecular Diagnostics Lecture Exam (Final) 4 of 79 2026-03-28
DNA Extraction Organic
Inorganic
Solid-Phase
Extraction with magnetic beads
DNA extraction from fixed tissue
Organic DNA Extraction Uses organic chemicals, phenol, chloroform
Inorganic DNA Extraction uses inorganic chemicals, detergents, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid
(EDTA), acetic acid, salt (salting out, spooling)
Intro to Molecular Diagnostics Lecture Exam (Final).pdf 4 Intro to Molecular Diagnostics Lecture Exam (Final).pdf
Intro to Molecular
Diagnostics Lecture Final
Exam Questions and
Answers Study Guide
Guidehttps://www.stuvia.com/dashboard!@_)#*)(@$)($@*($@)($@*_
Intro to Molecular Diagnostics Lecture Final Exam Questions and Answers Study Guide.pdf 1 Intro to Molecular Diagnostics Lecture Final Exam Questions and Answers Study Guide.pdf
,Intro to Molecular Diagnostics Lecture Exam (Final) 2 of 79 2026-03-28
What is molecular diagnostics? Study of nucleic acids, using molecular biology techniques, to make
diagnoses
· DNA
· RNA
Molecular diagnostics vs conventional methods Increased sensitivity and specificity
Advantages Faster turn-around time
Genetic diagnosis identifies the mechanism responsible for the
phenotype
Molecular diagnostics vs conventional methods Detection of pathogen DNA/RNA does not guarantee active
Disadvantages colonization
False-negatives as a result of mutations at the primer/probe binding
sites
Potential for contamination
DNA concentration and purity as measured by the 1 OD260 = 50 μg/mL dsDNA (concentration)
nanodrop. OD260/ OD280 = ~1.8 (indicates “pure” DNA; lower is less pure)
Intro to Molecular Diagnostics Lecture Exam (Final).pdf 2 Intro to Molecular Diagnostics Lecture Exam (Final).pdf
,Intro to Molecular Diagnostics Lecture Exam (Final) 3 of 79 2026-03-28
RNA concentration and purity as measured by the 1 OD260 = 40 μg/mL RNA (concentration)
nanodrop. OD260/ OD280 = ~2.0 (indicates “pure” RNA; lower is less pure)
DNA and RNA concentration and purity as o Contaminants
measured by the nanodrop. A280 = protein (tryptophan/ tyrosine)
A230 = EDTA, carbohydrates & phenol
OD260/OD230 for “pure” DNA/RNA should be ~2-2.2
Isolation of mRNA to analyze gene expression. o Using the poly a tail on the messenger RNA that the other RNAs
don’t have
Intro to Molecular Diagnostics Lecture Exam (Final).pdf 3 Intro to Molecular Diagnostics Lecture Exam (Final).pdf
, Intro to Molecular Diagnostics Lecture Exam (Final) 4 of 79 2026-03-28
DNA Extraction Organic
Inorganic
Solid-Phase
Extraction with magnetic beads
DNA extraction from fixed tissue
Organic DNA Extraction Uses organic chemicals, phenol, chloroform
Inorganic DNA Extraction uses inorganic chemicals, detergents, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid
(EDTA), acetic acid, salt (salting out, spooling)
Intro to Molecular Diagnostics Lecture Exam (Final).pdf 4 Intro to Molecular Diagnostics Lecture Exam (Final).pdf
