NR 511 Midterm Exam 2026-2027 Prep Test Bank –
270 Latest Exam Questions and Correct Answers with
Rationales/ NR 511 Midterm Exam Prep 2026/
Differential Diagnosis and Primary Care Practicum
Sandy, age 52, presents with jaundice, dark urine, and light-colored stools, stating
that she is slightly improved over last week's symptoms. Which stage of viral
hepatitis do you suspect?
1.Incubation.
2.Prodromal.
3.Icteric.
4.Convalescent. - ANSWER-Icteric
rationale: In the icteric stage of viral hepatitis, there is jaundice, dark urine, and
light-colored stools. There are continued prodromal complaints, with gradual
improvement.
You suspect that Nikki has a gastroduodenal ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori
and plan to treat her empirically. What medications should you order?
1.A proton pump inhibitor (omeprazole), tetracycline or amoxicillin, and
metronidazole (Flagyl).
2.Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) and omeprazole (Prilosec).
3.Amoxicillin (Amoxil) and omeprazole (Prilosec).
4.Clarithromycin (Biaxin) and metronidazole (Flagyl) - ANSWER-Amoxicillin
(Amoxil) and omeprazole (Prilosec)
1
,rationale: Both drugs listed are used in the eradication of H pylori, but do not
complete the regimen.
You suspect that Harry has a peptic ulcer and tell him that it has been found to be
strongly associated with:
1.Anxiety and panic attacks.
2.Long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
3.Infection by Helicobacter pylori.
4.A family history of peptic ulcers. - ANSWER-Infection by H. Pylori
rationale: About 90% of cases of peptic ulcers have been found to be caused by
infection with the bacteria H pylori
Rose, a client with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), has many other
concurrent conditions. In teaching Rose about medications to avoid, what do you
recommend she refrain from using?
1.Antibiotics.
2.Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
3.Oral contraceptives.
4.Antifungals. - ANSWER-NSAIDS
rationale: Clients with GERD should avoid taking NSAIDs because they tend to
aggravate the already irritated gastric mucosa.
Lucy, age 49, has pain in both the left and right lower quadrants. What might you
suspect?
1.A gastric ulcer.
2.Gastritis.
2
,3.Pelvic inflammatory disease.
4.Pancreatitis. - ANSWER-PID
rationale: The pain associated with pelvic inflammatory disease can be palpated in
both the right and left lower quadrants.
In a 2-month-old infant with vomiting and diarrhea, the most effective way of
determining a fluid deficit is to check for:
1.Decreased peripheral perfusion.
2.Hyperventilation.
3.Irritability.
4. Hyperthermia. - ANSWER-Decreased peripheral perfusion
rationale: In a 2-month-old infant with vomiting and diarrhea, the most effective
way of determining a fluid deficit is to check for decreased peripheral perfusion,
dry oral mucous membranes, and sunken fontanels. The body compensates for loss
of fluid by shifting the interstitial fluid into the intravascular space, thereby
maintaining perfusion of vital organs. If the fluid loss continues, circulating
volume is diminished and vasoconstriction occurs in the peripheral vessels,
resulting in decreased perfusion
A 7-year-old male presents with his mother to the urgent care clinic complaining of
abdominal pain. He started to complain of pain prior to going to bed; however, it
has gotten progressively worse and is now preventing him from sleeping. He is
nauseous but hasn't vomited and didn't eat dinner due to the pain. The patient
appears pale and is complaining of right-sided abdominal pain. His vitals are as
follows: blood pressure 130/85, pulse 120, temperature 100.5°F, pulse oximetry
98% on room air. On physical exam he is tender in the right lower quadrant. His
complete blood count (CBC) shows a white blood cell count (WBC) of 17.0. What
is the patient's likely diagnosis?
3
, 1.Appendicitis.
2.Cholecystitis.
3.Constipation.
4.Gastroenteritis - ANSWER-appendicitis
rationale: This is the clinical scenario typical for appendicitis
What is the recommended treatment to eradicate a Helicobacter pylori infection?
1.Ranitidine, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin for 2 weeks.
2.Amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and omeprazole for 2 weeks.
3.Bismuth, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin for 2 weeks.
4.Bismuth, doxycycline, metronidazole, and ranitidine. - ANSWER-Amoxicillin,
clarithromycin, and omeprazole for 2 weeks
rationale: This is the recommended treatment to eradicate H pylori.
A 50-year-old female presents to the urgent care clinic complaining of left lower
quadrant pain. She has associated nausea and vomiting, and her vital signs are as
follows: temperature 102.5°F, pulse 110, blood pressure 150/90, pulse oximetry
99% on room air. What is the best test to evaluate this patient?
1.Sigmoidoscopy.
2.Abdominal series.
3.Computed tomography (CT) scan with oral contrast.
4.Abdominal ultrasound. - ANSWER-Computed tomography (CT) scan with oral
contrast
4
270 Latest Exam Questions and Correct Answers with
Rationales/ NR 511 Midterm Exam Prep 2026/
Differential Diagnosis and Primary Care Practicum
Sandy, age 52, presents with jaundice, dark urine, and light-colored stools, stating
that she is slightly improved over last week's symptoms. Which stage of viral
hepatitis do you suspect?
1.Incubation.
2.Prodromal.
3.Icteric.
4.Convalescent. - ANSWER-Icteric
rationale: In the icteric stage of viral hepatitis, there is jaundice, dark urine, and
light-colored stools. There are continued prodromal complaints, with gradual
improvement.
You suspect that Nikki has a gastroduodenal ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori
and plan to treat her empirically. What medications should you order?
1.A proton pump inhibitor (omeprazole), tetracycline or amoxicillin, and
metronidazole (Flagyl).
2.Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) and omeprazole (Prilosec).
3.Amoxicillin (Amoxil) and omeprazole (Prilosec).
4.Clarithromycin (Biaxin) and metronidazole (Flagyl) - ANSWER-Amoxicillin
(Amoxil) and omeprazole (Prilosec)
1
,rationale: Both drugs listed are used in the eradication of H pylori, but do not
complete the regimen.
You suspect that Harry has a peptic ulcer and tell him that it has been found to be
strongly associated with:
1.Anxiety and panic attacks.
2.Long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
3.Infection by Helicobacter pylori.
4.A family history of peptic ulcers. - ANSWER-Infection by H. Pylori
rationale: About 90% of cases of peptic ulcers have been found to be caused by
infection with the bacteria H pylori
Rose, a client with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), has many other
concurrent conditions. In teaching Rose about medications to avoid, what do you
recommend she refrain from using?
1.Antibiotics.
2.Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
3.Oral contraceptives.
4.Antifungals. - ANSWER-NSAIDS
rationale: Clients with GERD should avoid taking NSAIDs because they tend to
aggravate the already irritated gastric mucosa.
Lucy, age 49, has pain in both the left and right lower quadrants. What might you
suspect?
1.A gastric ulcer.
2.Gastritis.
2
,3.Pelvic inflammatory disease.
4.Pancreatitis. - ANSWER-PID
rationale: The pain associated with pelvic inflammatory disease can be palpated in
both the right and left lower quadrants.
In a 2-month-old infant with vomiting and diarrhea, the most effective way of
determining a fluid deficit is to check for:
1.Decreased peripheral perfusion.
2.Hyperventilation.
3.Irritability.
4. Hyperthermia. - ANSWER-Decreased peripheral perfusion
rationale: In a 2-month-old infant with vomiting and diarrhea, the most effective
way of determining a fluid deficit is to check for decreased peripheral perfusion,
dry oral mucous membranes, and sunken fontanels. The body compensates for loss
of fluid by shifting the interstitial fluid into the intravascular space, thereby
maintaining perfusion of vital organs. If the fluid loss continues, circulating
volume is diminished and vasoconstriction occurs in the peripheral vessels,
resulting in decreased perfusion
A 7-year-old male presents with his mother to the urgent care clinic complaining of
abdominal pain. He started to complain of pain prior to going to bed; however, it
has gotten progressively worse and is now preventing him from sleeping. He is
nauseous but hasn't vomited and didn't eat dinner due to the pain. The patient
appears pale and is complaining of right-sided abdominal pain. His vitals are as
follows: blood pressure 130/85, pulse 120, temperature 100.5°F, pulse oximetry
98% on room air. On physical exam he is tender in the right lower quadrant. His
complete blood count (CBC) shows a white blood cell count (WBC) of 17.0. What
is the patient's likely diagnosis?
3
, 1.Appendicitis.
2.Cholecystitis.
3.Constipation.
4.Gastroenteritis - ANSWER-appendicitis
rationale: This is the clinical scenario typical for appendicitis
What is the recommended treatment to eradicate a Helicobacter pylori infection?
1.Ranitidine, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin for 2 weeks.
2.Amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and omeprazole for 2 weeks.
3.Bismuth, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin for 2 weeks.
4.Bismuth, doxycycline, metronidazole, and ranitidine. - ANSWER-Amoxicillin,
clarithromycin, and omeprazole for 2 weeks
rationale: This is the recommended treatment to eradicate H pylori.
A 50-year-old female presents to the urgent care clinic complaining of left lower
quadrant pain. She has associated nausea and vomiting, and her vital signs are as
follows: temperature 102.5°F, pulse 110, blood pressure 150/90, pulse oximetry
99% on room air. What is the best test to evaluate this patient?
1.Sigmoidoscopy.
2.Abdominal series.
3.Computed tomography (CT) scan with oral contrast.
4.Abdominal ultrasound. - ANSWER-Computed tomography (CT) scan with oral
contrast
4
