BIO 106 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS & VALID COMPLETE
ANSWERS
What defines an ovule?
(a) It comprises a female gametophyte, a micro sporophyte, and a seed
(b) It comprises a megasporangium, megaspore, and their integuments
(c) It is an egg cell, surrounded by an endosperm, and a megasporangium
(d) It is the basic structure of the later flower, therefore contains sepals and petals, as
well as a stigma to receive the pollen - Correct Answer ✔✔ (b) It comprises a
megasporangium, megaspore, and their integuments
What are the advantages of having reduced gametophytes? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Can
develop spores retained within the parental sporophyte. The most reproductive tissue of
the sporophyte can shield them from U.V radiation and protects them from drying out,
as well as obtains nutrients from the parental sporophyte.
What are the evolutionary advantages of a seed? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Multicellular,
consists of an embryo protected by a layer of tissue (seed coat), and supply of food
stored
How does the role of the sporophyte change if you go from lower ranked land plants
(bryophytes) to higher ranked land plants (e.g. gymnosperms or angiosperms)? -
Correct Answer ✔✔ As plants become higher ranked on land the more dominant the
sporophyte becomes, and the less dominant the gametophyte is
In regards to a Flower, what is the difference between an ovary and an ovule? - Correct
Answer ✔✔ Ovary is the outside protective layer and the ovules are on inside the ovary.
Gymnosperms don't have ovaries but the have ovules
In pollination, what part of the flower receives the pollen?
(a) Style
(b) Sepal
(c) Ovule
(d) Stigma - Correct Answer ✔✔ (d) Stigma
, What are petals good for? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Brightly colored to attract pollinators.
Within the petals are two whorls of fertile floral organs, stamen and the carpel.
In regards to Fruit, if you look at a flower and a fruit, what parts of a flower can be found
in a fruit? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Ovaries
Why don't gymnosperms have fruit?
(a) They have an ovary which does not allow a fruit to develop
(b) They lack the vascular tissue which is a requirement for fruit development
(c) They have exposed/naked seeds and do not flower
(d) They have no ovules and therefore no fruits - Correct Answer ✔✔ (c) They have
exposed/naked seeds and do not flower
In regards to Double Fertilization, what does the term double fertilization mean, and why
does that not exist in Gymnosperms? - Correct Answer ✔✔ The union of the two sperm
cells with different nuclei of the female gametophyte because Gymnosperms do not
have ovaries. *Only Angiosperms
What tissues result from double fertilization and what is their ploidy grade (e.g. haploid,
diploid, or triploid) after mitosis? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Embryo Diploid and the
Endosperm Triploid
What different ways have evolved how plants can disperse their seeds? - Correct
Answer ✔✔ Wind, Water, and Animals
What is the evolutionary advantage of fruit development? - Correct Answer ✔✔ It
encloses the seed and aids in their dispersal
What is the difference between breeding and genetic engineering?
(a) Genetic engineering allows the transfer of DNA material among completely different
species, which is in most cases not possible for classical breeding
(b) Classical breeding often requires long time periods before a successful plant line
has been established, genetic engineering can significantly speed up this process
(c) Genetic engineering can introduce completely new traits into plants which to that
extend is often impossible to accomplish by classical breeding.
(d) Only one of the above answers is correct
QUESTIONS & VALID COMPLETE
ANSWERS
What defines an ovule?
(a) It comprises a female gametophyte, a micro sporophyte, and a seed
(b) It comprises a megasporangium, megaspore, and their integuments
(c) It is an egg cell, surrounded by an endosperm, and a megasporangium
(d) It is the basic structure of the later flower, therefore contains sepals and petals, as
well as a stigma to receive the pollen - Correct Answer ✔✔ (b) It comprises a
megasporangium, megaspore, and their integuments
What are the advantages of having reduced gametophytes? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Can
develop spores retained within the parental sporophyte. The most reproductive tissue of
the sporophyte can shield them from U.V radiation and protects them from drying out,
as well as obtains nutrients from the parental sporophyte.
What are the evolutionary advantages of a seed? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Multicellular,
consists of an embryo protected by a layer of tissue (seed coat), and supply of food
stored
How does the role of the sporophyte change if you go from lower ranked land plants
(bryophytes) to higher ranked land plants (e.g. gymnosperms or angiosperms)? -
Correct Answer ✔✔ As plants become higher ranked on land the more dominant the
sporophyte becomes, and the less dominant the gametophyte is
In regards to a Flower, what is the difference between an ovary and an ovule? - Correct
Answer ✔✔ Ovary is the outside protective layer and the ovules are on inside the ovary.
Gymnosperms don't have ovaries but the have ovules
In pollination, what part of the flower receives the pollen?
(a) Style
(b) Sepal
(c) Ovule
(d) Stigma - Correct Answer ✔✔ (d) Stigma
, What are petals good for? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Brightly colored to attract pollinators.
Within the petals are two whorls of fertile floral organs, stamen and the carpel.
In regards to Fruit, if you look at a flower and a fruit, what parts of a flower can be found
in a fruit? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Ovaries
Why don't gymnosperms have fruit?
(a) They have an ovary which does not allow a fruit to develop
(b) They lack the vascular tissue which is a requirement for fruit development
(c) They have exposed/naked seeds and do not flower
(d) They have no ovules and therefore no fruits - Correct Answer ✔✔ (c) They have
exposed/naked seeds and do not flower
In regards to Double Fertilization, what does the term double fertilization mean, and why
does that not exist in Gymnosperms? - Correct Answer ✔✔ The union of the two sperm
cells with different nuclei of the female gametophyte because Gymnosperms do not
have ovaries. *Only Angiosperms
What tissues result from double fertilization and what is their ploidy grade (e.g. haploid,
diploid, or triploid) after mitosis? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Embryo Diploid and the
Endosperm Triploid
What different ways have evolved how plants can disperse their seeds? - Correct
Answer ✔✔ Wind, Water, and Animals
What is the evolutionary advantage of fruit development? - Correct Answer ✔✔ It
encloses the seed and aids in their dispersal
What is the difference between breeding and genetic engineering?
(a) Genetic engineering allows the transfer of DNA material among completely different
species, which is in most cases not possible for classical breeding
(b) Classical breeding often requires long time periods before a successful plant line
has been established, genetic engineering can significantly speed up this process
(c) Genetic engineering can introduce completely new traits into plants which to that
extend is often impossible to accomplish by classical breeding.
(d) Only one of the above answers is correct
