COSC 275 FINAL EXAM PALMER VERIFIED
ACCURATE STUDY GUIDE
Estimating - Answers - The process of determining the anticipated cost of materials,
labor, and equipment of a proposed project.
Take-off - Answers - The process in which detailed lists are compiled, based on
drawings and specifications, of all the material and equipment necessary to construct a
project. The cost estimator uses this list to calculate how much it will cost to build the
project.
Quantities - Answers - Measured amounts of construction items expressed in their
customary units.
Quantification - Answers - In estimating an activity to translate project scope information
into resource quantities suitable for
Quantity survey - Answers - A detailed analysis of material and equipment required to
construct a project.
Area - Answers - A measurement of a given planar region or of the surface of a solid.
Area method - Answers - A construction cost estimating system employing unit square
foot costs multiplied by the adjusted gross floor area of a building.
Length - Answers - The longest dimension of an object.
Linear measurement - Answers - A unit or system of units for measuring length:
12" = 1', 3' = 1 yard, 1 yard = 0.9144 meters, 1 mile = 5,280 feet.
Dimension - Answers - A distance between two points, lines, or planes.
Specifications - Answers - Documents that define the qualitative requirements for
products, materials, and workmanship upon which the contract for construction is
based.
Drawings - Answers - Graphic illustrations depicting the dimensions, design, and
location of a project. Generally including plans, elevations, details, diagrams, schedules,
and sections.
Addendum - Answers - A document describing an addition, change, correction, or
modification to contract documents. An addendum is issued by the design professional
during the bidding period or prior to the award of contract, and is the primary method of
, informing bidders of modifications to the work during the bidding process. Addenda
become part of the contract documents.
Amendment - Answers - A modification of the contract by a subsequent agreement.
This does not change the entire existing contract but does alter the terms of the affected
provisions or requirements.
Grade - Answers - The surface or level of the ground.
Level - Answers - A term used to describe any horizontal surface that has all points at
the same elevation and thus does not tilt or slope.
Site - Answers - The location of a project geographically, usually defined by legal
boundaries.
Elevation - Answers - A vertical distance relative to a reference point.
Cut and fill - Answers - An operation commonly used in road building and other rock and
earth-moving operations in which the material excavated and removed from one
location is used as fill material at another location.
Fill - Answers - The soil or other material used to raise the grade of a site area.
Foundation - Answers - The entire masonry substructure below the first floor or frame of
a building, including the footing upon which the building rests.
Grade beam - Answers - A horizontal end-supported (as opposed to ground-supported)
load-bearing foundation member that supports an exterior wall of a superstructure.
Width - Answers - The measurement or extent of something from side to side.
Footing - Answers - That portion of the foundation of a structure that spreads and
transmits the load directly to the soil.
Reinforced concrete - Answers - Concrete containing adequate reinforcement,
prestressed or not prestressed, and designed on the assumption that the two materials
(steel and concrete) act together in resisting forces.
Reinforcing bar - Answers - A steel bar, usually with manufactured deformations, used
in concrete and masonry construction to provide additional strength.
Footing beam - Answers - A reinforced concrete beam connecting pile caps or spread
footings to distribute horizontal loads caused by eccentric loading.
Bolster - Answers - In concrete, an individual or continuous support used to hold
reinforcing bars in position. Usually used in slab work.
ACCURATE STUDY GUIDE
Estimating - Answers - The process of determining the anticipated cost of materials,
labor, and equipment of a proposed project.
Take-off - Answers - The process in which detailed lists are compiled, based on
drawings and specifications, of all the material and equipment necessary to construct a
project. The cost estimator uses this list to calculate how much it will cost to build the
project.
Quantities - Answers - Measured amounts of construction items expressed in their
customary units.
Quantification - Answers - In estimating an activity to translate project scope information
into resource quantities suitable for
Quantity survey - Answers - A detailed analysis of material and equipment required to
construct a project.
Area - Answers - A measurement of a given planar region or of the surface of a solid.
Area method - Answers - A construction cost estimating system employing unit square
foot costs multiplied by the adjusted gross floor area of a building.
Length - Answers - The longest dimension of an object.
Linear measurement - Answers - A unit or system of units for measuring length:
12" = 1', 3' = 1 yard, 1 yard = 0.9144 meters, 1 mile = 5,280 feet.
Dimension - Answers - A distance between two points, lines, or planes.
Specifications - Answers - Documents that define the qualitative requirements for
products, materials, and workmanship upon which the contract for construction is
based.
Drawings - Answers - Graphic illustrations depicting the dimensions, design, and
location of a project. Generally including plans, elevations, details, diagrams, schedules,
and sections.
Addendum - Answers - A document describing an addition, change, correction, or
modification to contract documents. An addendum is issued by the design professional
during the bidding period or prior to the award of contract, and is the primary method of
, informing bidders of modifications to the work during the bidding process. Addenda
become part of the contract documents.
Amendment - Answers - A modification of the contract by a subsequent agreement.
This does not change the entire existing contract but does alter the terms of the affected
provisions or requirements.
Grade - Answers - The surface or level of the ground.
Level - Answers - A term used to describe any horizontal surface that has all points at
the same elevation and thus does not tilt or slope.
Site - Answers - The location of a project geographically, usually defined by legal
boundaries.
Elevation - Answers - A vertical distance relative to a reference point.
Cut and fill - Answers - An operation commonly used in road building and other rock and
earth-moving operations in which the material excavated and removed from one
location is used as fill material at another location.
Fill - Answers - The soil or other material used to raise the grade of a site area.
Foundation - Answers - The entire masonry substructure below the first floor or frame of
a building, including the footing upon which the building rests.
Grade beam - Answers - A horizontal end-supported (as opposed to ground-supported)
load-bearing foundation member that supports an exterior wall of a superstructure.
Width - Answers - The measurement or extent of something from side to side.
Footing - Answers - That portion of the foundation of a structure that spreads and
transmits the load directly to the soil.
Reinforced concrete - Answers - Concrete containing adequate reinforcement,
prestressed or not prestressed, and designed on the assumption that the two materials
(steel and concrete) act together in resisting forces.
Reinforcing bar - Answers - A steel bar, usually with manufactured deformations, used
in concrete and masonry construction to provide additional strength.
Footing beam - Answers - A reinforced concrete beam connecting pile caps or spread
footings to distribute horizontal loads caused by eccentric loading.
Bolster - Answers - In concrete, an individual or continuous support used to hold
reinforcing bars in position. Usually used in slab work.
