NU 578 UNIT 3 EXAM (2026/2027) | 200
ADVANCED NCLEX-STYLE QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS & RATIONALES |
GUARANTEED PASS PREP
NU 578 Unit 3 Exam Practice
1. Which lab value is most indicative of renal function?
A. Hemoglobin
B. Creatinine
C. Platelets
D. Sodium
Answer: B
Creatinine reflects kidney filtration ability.
2. A patient with elevated BUN and creatinine likely has:
A. Liver disease
B. Renal impairment
C. Infection
D. Dehydration only
Answer: B
Both values rise with kidney dysfunction.
3. Which electrolyte imbalance causes cardiac arrhythmias?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
D. Chloride
Answer: B
Potassium directly affects cardiac conduction.
,4. Hyperkalemia is defined as potassium above:
A. 3.5
B. 4.0
C. 5.0
D. 6.0
Answer: C
Normal range is ~3.5–5.0 mEq/L.
5. Hypokalemia may cause:
A. Bradycardia
B. Weakness
C. Hypertension
D. Fever
Answer: B
Low potassium affects muscle function.
6. Which condition causes metabolic acidosis?
A. Vomiting
B. Diarrhea
C. Hyperventilation
D. Antacids
Answer: B
Loss of bicarbonate through GI tract.
7. Respiratory alkalosis is caused by:
A. Hypoventilation
B. Hyperventilation
C. Renal failure
D. Diarrhea
Answer: B
Excess CO₂ loss increases pH.
8. Normal arterial pH is:
A. 6.8–7.0
B. 7.0–7.2
,C. 7.35–7.45
D. 7.5–8.0
Answer: C
Normal physiologic range.
9. Which condition leads to respiratory acidosis?
A. Hyperventilation
B. Hypoventilation
C. Diarrhea
D. Vomiting
Answer: B
CO₂ retention lowers pH.
10. Which ABG value reflects oxygenation?
A. pH
B. PaCO₂
C. PaO₂
D. HCO₃
Answer: C
Measures oxygen in arterial blood.
11. Which medication is used for hyperkalemia?
A. Insulin
B. Aspirin
C. Heparin
D. Ibuprofen
Answer: A
Insulin drives potassium into cells.
12. Calcium imbalance affects:
A. Vision
B. Bone and muscle
C. Hearing
D. Smell
, Answer: B
Essential for bone strength and muscle contraction.
13. Hyponatremia may cause:
A. Confusion
B. Hypertension
C. Fever
D. Pain
Answer: A
Low sodium affects neurological status.
14. Which IV fluid is isotonic?
A. D5W
B. NS (0.9%)
C. 0.45% NS
D. D10
Answer: B
Matches body fluid osmolarity.
15. Which fluid is hypotonic?
A. NS
B. D5W
C. 0.45% NS
D. LR
Answer: C
Dilutes extracellular fluid.
16. Which fluid is hypertonic?
A. NS
B. D5W
C. 3% saline
D. 0.45% NS
Answer: C
Draws fluid out of cells.
ADVANCED NCLEX-STYLE QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS & RATIONALES |
GUARANTEED PASS PREP
NU 578 Unit 3 Exam Practice
1. Which lab value is most indicative of renal function?
A. Hemoglobin
B. Creatinine
C. Platelets
D. Sodium
Answer: B
Creatinine reflects kidney filtration ability.
2. A patient with elevated BUN and creatinine likely has:
A. Liver disease
B. Renal impairment
C. Infection
D. Dehydration only
Answer: B
Both values rise with kidney dysfunction.
3. Which electrolyte imbalance causes cardiac arrhythmias?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
D. Chloride
Answer: B
Potassium directly affects cardiac conduction.
,4. Hyperkalemia is defined as potassium above:
A. 3.5
B. 4.0
C. 5.0
D. 6.0
Answer: C
Normal range is ~3.5–5.0 mEq/L.
5. Hypokalemia may cause:
A. Bradycardia
B. Weakness
C. Hypertension
D. Fever
Answer: B
Low potassium affects muscle function.
6. Which condition causes metabolic acidosis?
A. Vomiting
B. Diarrhea
C. Hyperventilation
D. Antacids
Answer: B
Loss of bicarbonate through GI tract.
7. Respiratory alkalosis is caused by:
A. Hypoventilation
B. Hyperventilation
C. Renal failure
D. Diarrhea
Answer: B
Excess CO₂ loss increases pH.
8. Normal arterial pH is:
A. 6.8–7.0
B. 7.0–7.2
,C. 7.35–7.45
D. 7.5–8.0
Answer: C
Normal physiologic range.
9. Which condition leads to respiratory acidosis?
A. Hyperventilation
B. Hypoventilation
C. Diarrhea
D. Vomiting
Answer: B
CO₂ retention lowers pH.
10. Which ABG value reflects oxygenation?
A. pH
B. PaCO₂
C. PaO₂
D. HCO₃
Answer: C
Measures oxygen in arterial blood.
11. Which medication is used for hyperkalemia?
A. Insulin
B. Aspirin
C. Heparin
D. Ibuprofen
Answer: A
Insulin drives potassium into cells.
12. Calcium imbalance affects:
A. Vision
B. Bone and muscle
C. Hearing
D. Smell
, Answer: B
Essential for bone strength and muscle contraction.
13. Hyponatremia may cause:
A. Confusion
B. Hypertension
C. Fever
D. Pain
Answer: A
Low sodium affects neurological status.
14. Which IV fluid is isotonic?
A. D5W
B. NS (0.9%)
C. 0.45% NS
D. D10
Answer: B
Matches body fluid osmolarity.
15. Which fluid is hypotonic?
A. NS
B. D5W
C. 0.45% NS
D. LR
Answer: C
Dilutes extracellular fluid.
16. Which fluid is hypertonic?
A. NS
B. D5W
C. 3% saline
D. 0.45% NS
Answer: C
Draws fluid out of cells.
