, Contents
PREFACE xiii
ABOUT THE AUTHOR xix
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1-1 Reinforced Concrete Structures 1
1-2 Mechanics of Reinforced Concrete 1
1-3 Reinforced Concrete Members 3
1-4 Factors Affecting Choice of Reinforced Concrete
for a Structure 5
1-5 Historical Development of Concrete and Reinforced
Concrete as Structural Materials 8
1-6 Building Codes and the ACI Code 10
References 11
CHAPTER 2 THE DESIGN PROCESS 12
2-1 Objectives of Design 12
2-2 The Design Process 12
2-3 Limit States and the Design of Reinforced
Concrete 13
2-4 Structural Safety 17
2-5 Probabilistic Calculation of Safety Factors 19
2-6 Design Procedures Specified in the ACI Building
Code 20
2-7 Load Factors and Load Combinations in the 2019
ACI Code 21
v
,vi • Contents
2-8 Loadings and Actions 26
2-9 Design for Economy 35
2-10 Sustainability 36
2-11 Customary Dimensions and Construction
Tolerances 38
2-12 Inspection 38
2-13 Accuracy of Calculations 38
2-14 Handbooks and Design Aids 39
References 39
CHAPTER 3 MATERIALS 41
3-1 Concrete 41
3-2 Behavior of Concrete Failing in Compression 41
3-3 Compressive Strength of Concrete 44
3-4 Strength Under Tensile and Multiaxial Loads 54
3-5 Stress–Strain Curves for Concrete 62
3-6 Time-Dependent Volume Changes 67
3-7 High-Strength Concrete 79
3-8 Lightweight Concrete 81
3-9 Fiber Reinforced Concrete 82
3-10 Durability of Concrete 84
3-11 Behavior of Concrete Exposed to High and Low
Temperatures 85
3-12 Shotcrete 87
3-13 Reinforcement 87
3-14 Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Reinforcement 93
3-15 Prestressing Steel 94
References 96
CHAPTER 4 FLEXURE: BEHAVIOR AND NOMINAL STRENGTH
OF BEAM SECTIONS 99
4-1 Introduction 99
4-2 Flexure Theory 102
4-3 Simplifications in Flexure Theory for Design 113
4-4 Analysis of Nominal Moment Strength for Singly
Reinforced Beam Sections 118
4-5 Definition of Balanced Conditions 125
4-6 Code Definitions of Tension-Controlled and
Compression-Controlled Sections 126
4-7 Beams With Compression Reinforcement 134
4-8 Analysis of Flanged Sections 143
References 159
, Contents • vii
CHAPTER 5 FLEXURAL DESIGN OF BEAM SECTIONS 160
5-1 Introduction 160
5-2 Analysis of Continuous One-Way Floor Systems 160
5-3 Design of Singly Reinforced Beam Sections with
Rectangular Compression Zones 182
5-4 Design of Doubly Reinforced Beam Sections 204
5-5 Design of Continuous One-Way Slabs 213
References 227
CHAPTER 6 SHEAR IN BEAMS 228
6-1 Introduction 228
6-2 Basic Theory 230
6-3 Behavior of Beams Failing in Shear 234
6-4 Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete Beams
for Shear—ACI Code 245
6-5 Other Shear Design Methods 271
6-6 Hanger Reinforcement 271
6-7 Shear in Axially Loaded Members 274
References 279
CHAPTER 7 TORSION 280
7-1 Introduction and Basic Theory 280
7-2 Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Members Subjected
to Torsion 291
7-3 Thin-Walled Tube Analogies 292
7-4 Design for Torsion and Shear—ACI Code
Approach 299
7-5 ACI Code Design Method for Torsion 313
References 334
CHAPTER 8 DEVELOPMENT, ANCHORAGE, AND SPLICING
OF REINFORCEMENT 336
8-1 Introduction 336
8-2 Mechanism of Bond Transfer 341
8-3 Development Length 342
8-4 Hooked Anchorages 349
8-5 Headed Headed Bars in Tension 353
8-6 Design for Anchorage 354
8-7 Bar Cutoffs and Development of Bars in Flexural
Members 360
8-8 Reinforcement Continuity and Structural Integrity
Requirements 370
PREFACE xiii
ABOUT THE AUTHOR xix
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1-1 Reinforced Concrete Structures 1
1-2 Mechanics of Reinforced Concrete 1
1-3 Reinforced Concrete Members 3
1-4 Factors Affecting Choice of Reinforced Concrete
for a Structure 5
1-5 Historical Development of Concrete and Reinforced
Concrete as Structural Materials 8
1-6 Building Codes and the ACI Code 10
References 11
CHAPTER 2 THE DESIGN PROCESS 12
2-1 Objectives of Design 12
2-2 The Design Process 12
2-3 Limit States and the Design of Reinforced
Concrete 13
2-4 Structural Safety 17
2-5 Probabilistic Calculation of Safety Factors 19
2-6 Design Procedures Specified in the ACI Building
Code 20
2-7 Load Factors and Load Combinations in the 2019
ACI Code 21
v
,vi • Contents
2-8 Loadings and Actions 26
2-9 Design for Economy 35
2-10 Sustainability 36
2-11 Customary Dimensions and Construction
Tolerances 38
2-12 Inspection 38
2-13 Accuracy of Calculations 38
2-14 Handbooks and Design Aids 39
References 39
CHAPTER 3 MATERIALS 41
3-1 Concrete 41
3-2 Behavior of Concrete Failing in Compression 41
3-3 Compressive Strength of Concrete 44
3-4 Strength Under Tensile and Multiaxial Loads 54
3-5 Stress–Strain Curves for Concrete 62
3-6 Time-Dependent Volume Changes 67
3-7 High-Strength Concrete 79
3-8 Lightweight Concrete 81
3-9 Fiber Reinforced Concrete 82
3-10 Durability of Concrete 84
3-11 Behavior of Concrete Exposed to High and Low
Temperatures 85
3-12 Shotcrete 87
3-13 Reinforcement 87
3-14 Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Reinforcement 93
3-15 Prestressing Steel 94
References 96
CHAPTER 4 FLEXURE: BEHAVIOR AND NOMINAL STRENGTH
OF BEAM SECTIONS 99
4-1 Introduction 99
4-2 Flexure Theory 102
4-3 Simplifications in Flexure Theory for Design 113
4-4 Analysis of Nominal Moment Strength for Singly
Reinforced Beam Sections 118
4-5 Definition of Balanced Conditions 125
4-6 Code Definitions of Tension-Controlled and
Compression-Controlled Sections 126
4-7 Beams With Compression Reinforcement 134
4-8 Analysis of Flanged Sections 143
References 159
, Contents • vii
CHAPTER 5 FLEXURAL DESIGN OF BEAM SECTIONS 160
5-1 Introduction 160
5-2 Analysis of Continuous One-Way Floor Systems 160
5-3 Design of Singly Reinforced Beam Sections with
Rectangular Compression Zones 182
5-4 Design of Doubly Reinforced Beam Sections 204
5-5 Design of Continuous One-Way Slabs 213
References 227
CHAPTER 6 SHEAR IN BEAMS 228
6-1 Introduction 228
6-2 Basic Theory 230
6-3 Behavior of Beams Failing in Shear 234
6-4 Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete Beams
for Shear—ACI Code 245
6-5 Other Shear Design Methods 271
6-6 Hanger Reinforcement 271
6-7 Shear in Axially Loaded Members 274
References 279
CHAPTER 7 TORSION 280
7-1 Introduction and Basic Theory 280
7-2 Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Members Subjected
to Torsion 291
7-3 Thin-Walled Tube Analogies 292
7-4 Design for Torsion and Shear—ACI Code
Approach 299
7-5 ACI Code Design Method for Torsion 313
References 334
CHAPTER 8 DEVELOPMENT, ANCHORAGE, AND SPLICING
OF REINFORCEMENT 336
8-1 Introduction 336
8-2 Mechanism of Bond Transfer 341
8-3 Development Length 342
8-4 Hooked Anchorages 349
8-5 Headed Headed Bars in Tension 353
8-6 Design for Anchorage 354
8-7 Bar Cutoffs and Development of Bars in Flexural
Members 360
8-8 Reinforcement Continuity and Structural Integrity
Requirements 370
