NFDN 1002 Final Exam 2025-2026 Test
Questions And 100% Correct Answers.
Factors Influencing Elimination - Answer Older Age
•Pathological Conditions
•Medications
•Fluid Balance
•Diagnostic Examinations
•Surgical Procedures
•Psychological Factors
•Sociocultural Factors
Factors Impacting Elimination: Older Individuals - Answer Decreased ability to concentrate
urine
•↓ Bladder muscle tone
•↓ Bladder contractility
•Neuromuscular; degenerative joint problems; weakness
•Male prostate size
Factors influencing elimination pathological conditions - Answer oDisorders affecting CNS
oStrokes
oMultiple Sclerosis
oParkinson's Disease
oDementia
oSpinal Cord Injury - above lumbar region
oAdvanced Dementia
oUrine Volume & Quality
oPre-renal; Renal; Post-renal
oNeurological Disorders affecting Peripheral Nerve Function:
oDiabetes
oMultiple Sclerosis
,oConditions affecting mobility
oDegenerative Joint Disease - Arthritis
oParkinson's Dz
oliguria - Answer scanty(small) urination (amount)
anuria - Answer absence of urine
polyuria - Answer excessive urination
nocturia - Answer excessive urination at night
hematuria - Answer blood in the urine
dysuria - Answer painful or difficult urination
enuresis - Answer involuntary discharge of urine
urinary incontinence - Answer inability to control urination
Transient Urinary Incontinence (UI):
•Urine loss associated with external causes i.e. hyperglycemia, Delirium, stool impaction, drugs
etc.
•Urgency UI:
•Urinary loss associated with sudden & urgent need to void
•Associated with Central nervous system disorders i.e. Stroke, Parkinson's Disease, Multiple
Sclerosis
•Stress UI:
•Sudden & involuntary loss of urine - small amounts
•Cause by change in intraabdominal pressure
•i.e. multiple deliveries, weak pelvic floor, obesity
Mixed UI:
•UI having both features of both Stress & Urge UI
•Functional UI:
, •Unpredictable & involuntary loss of urine
•Individual has an intact urinary & neurological system
•I,.e. patient's with cognitive deficits
•UI associated with Chronic Retention:
•Involuntary loss of urine - bladder does not completely empty
urinary retention - Answer inability to empty the bladder
urinary diversion - Answer surgical creation of an alternate route for excretion of urine
When changes are observed then testing of urine should be performed - Answer
Characteristics of urine:
•Color pale, straw colored
•Clarity clear
•Odor not strong
When might a health care provider suspect that a patient is experiencing urinary retention? -
Answer The patient indicates pain in the suprapubic region.
B.The patient indicates spasms and difficulty during urination.
C.The patient voids small amounts of urine two to three times per hour.
D.The patient voids large amounts of foul-smelling, cloudy urine.
Culture test - Answer Indicates presence of bacteria
sensitivity test - Answer identifies the most effective antibiotic to be used to treat a specific
micro-organism
endoscopy - Answer visual examination of a body cavity or canal using a specialized lighted
instrument called an endoscope
endoscopy nursing considerations - Answer •Signed Consent
•Bowel prep
•Preoperative preparation
•Post Procedure:
•VS
•Assess urine
Questions And 100% Correct Answers.
Factors Influencing Elimination - Answer Older Age
•Pathological Conditions
•Medications
•Fluid Balance
•Diagnostic Examinations
•Surgical Procedures
•Psychological Factors
•Sociocultural Factors
Factors Impacting Elimination: Older Individuals - Answer Decreased ability to concentrate
urine
•↓ Bladder muscle tone
•↓ Bladder contractility
•Neuromuscular; degenerative joint problems; weakness
•Male prostate size
Factors influencing elimination pathological conditions - Answer oDisorders affecting CNS
oStrokes
oMultiple Sclerosis
oParkinson's Disease
oDementia
oSpinal Cord Injury - above lumbar region
oAdvanced Dementia
oUrine Volume & Quality
oPre-renal; Renal; Post-renal
oNeurological Disorders affecting Peripheral Nerve Function:
oDiabetes
oMultiple Sclerosis
,oConditions affecting mobility
oDegenerative Joint Disease - Arthritis
oParkinson's Dz
oliguria - Answer scanty(small) urination (amount)
anuria - Answer absence of urine
polyuria - Answer excessive urination
nocturia - Answer excessive urination at night
hematuria - Answer blood in the urine
dysuria - Answer painful or difficult urination
enuresis - Answer involuntary discharge of urine
urinary incontinence - Answer inability to control urination
Transient Urinary Incontinence (UI):
•Urine loss associated with external causes i.e. hyperglycemia, Delirium, stool impaction, drugs
etc.
•Urgency UI:
•Urinary loss associated with sudden & urgent need to void
•Associated with Central nervous system disorders i.e. Stroke, Parkinson's Disease, Multiple
Sclerosis
•Stress UI:
•Sudden & involuntary loss of urine - small amounts
•Cause by change in intraabdominal pressure
•i.e. multiple deliveries, weak pelvic floor, obesity
Mixed UI:
•UI having both features of both Stress & Urge UI
•Functional UI:
, •Unpredictable & involuntary loss of urine
•Individual has an intact urinary & neurological system
•I,.e. patient's with cognitive deficits
•UI associated with Chronic Retention:
•Involuntary loss of urine - bladder does not completely empty
urinary retention - Answer inability to empty the bladder
urinary diversion - Answer surgical creation of an alternate route for excretion of urine
When changes are observed then testing of urine should be performed - Answer
Characteristics of urine:
•Color pale, straw colored
•Clarity clear
•Odor not strong
When might a health care provider suspect that a patient is experiencing urinary retention? -
Answer The patient indicates pain in the suprapubic region.
B.The patient indicates spasms and difficulty during urination.
C.The patient voids small amounts of urine two to three times per hour.
D.The patient voids large amounts of foul-smelling, cloudy urine.
Culture test - Answer Indicates presence of bacteria
sensitivity test - Answer identifies the most effective antibiotic to be used to treat a specific
micro-organism
endoscopy - Answer visual examination of a body cavity or canal using a specialized lighted
instrument called an endoscope
endoscopy nursing considerations - Answer •Signed Consent
•Bowel prep
•Preoperative preparation
•Post Procedure:
•VS
•Assess urine
