HUMAN MOVEMENT FINAL USAHS CERTIFICATION
SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
● lower extremity primary functions. Answer: weight bearing, walking, stairs, balance and
posture, force production (kicking jumping), standing from a chair and just standing up
● lower extremity functional chain. Answer: -divided into girdle and free limb - (SI) sacral
iliac joint -hip bones firmly attached to spinal cord -2 coxal bones articulate anterior(pubic
symphysis) and posterior (SI joint) -both transmit weight down through femora -tibia
articulates with distal femur forming knee and with calcaneus (ankle) -majority of weight (tibia)
-7 tarsals transmit weight to foot (long arch): equally 50% to ankle and 50% to phalanges
● hip bony and joint structures. Answer: -ball and socket with femoral head at approx. 125
degrees (angle of inclination) dispersing forces downward and outward -strength from
structure and ligaments, muscles are not key to stability -weakest component of femur is neck
-articular capsule is strong because structure is where it gets its strength -3 DOF
● ilium, ischium, and pubis (coxal bone). Answer: -these bones typically fuse by age 25
and become the paired coxal bones -articulate posteriorly via sacroiliac joints and anteriorly
via pubic symphysis -muscle attachments and transmission of weight equally through LEs
(purpose of girdle)
● male vs female pelvis. Answer: the pelvic basin is wider and rounder in females to
accommodate needs associated with childbearing
● hip joint (acetabulum and femur). Answer: -known as the coxofemoral joint -all 3 bones of
the pelvis (ilium, ishcium, pubic) form the acetabulum -femur is longer and strongest bone in
the body -angle of inclination (approx 125 degrees)
● Coxa Vara and Coxa Valga. Answer: -normal angle -coxa vara: angle is less and very rare
-coxa valga: angle is more
● hip joint capsule. Answer: is strong thick structure that encloses the femoral neck
● hip ligaments. Answer: -connect bone to bone and limit movement 3 strong anterior:
-iliofemoral: medial rotation standing posture -pubofemoral: lateral rotation -ischiofemoral:
medial rotation all tighten with hip hyperextension
, ● hip bursa. Answer: -trochanteric bursitis is considered the common bursitis of the hip
-etiologies include traumatic bursitis (fall), repetitive pressure (bike, run, stand) or age/gender
(women, 40-60s)
● movements of the pelvis. Answer: -upward rotation (posterior pelvic tilt- normal poster of
people from slouch) -downwards rotation (anterior pelvic tilt) -lateral swinging and tilting
during gait
● `movement: flexion. Answer: muscle- iliopsoas, sartorious, tensor fasciae latae,
quadriceps
● movement: adduction. Answer: muscle- pectineus, adductor longus/brevis, adductor
magnus
● movement: extension. Answer: muscle- gluteus maximus, hamstrings
● movement: abduction. Answer: muscle- gluteus medius/minimus, tensor fasciae latae
● movement: lateral rotation. Answer: muscle- piriformis, gemellus superior/inferior,
obturator internus/externus, quadratus femoris, gluteus medius/ minimus, sartorious
● movement: medial rotation. Answer: muscle- gluteus medius/ minimus, tensor fasciae
latae
● loads on the hip. Answer: -each hip supports approx. 50% of body weight above it -during
gait, the load on the femur is approx. 80% of body weight -carrying loads on hard sole shoes
or angles footwear further increases compressive forces on the hip -ankle can change weight
it bares and can "kick it" back up the leg
● hip fracture among older adults. Answer: -95% from falls (#1 reason) -neck of hip
45-53% -woman 75% of hip fractures because they fall more and have osteoporosis
● acetabulum tear. Answer: labrum can under go injury; older; athletics/dancing- deep
anterior hip pain, clicking, catching, and hip giving way
● hip replacement. Answer: -surgical intervention -hemiarthroplasty (original acetabulum)-
replace parts of femur, neck, ball but use original acetabulum -total hip replacement
(acetabulum resurfaced)-fix femur and fix acetabulum or resurface it
● total hip recurrent dislocation. Answer: - can dislocate the THR -rare but happens if hip
precautions arent allowed
SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
● lower extremity primary functions. Answer: weight bearing, walking, stairs, balance and
posture, force production (kicking jumping), standing from a chair and just standing up
● lower extremity functional chain. Answer: -divided into girdle and free limb - (SI) sacral
iliac joint -hip bones firmly attached to spinal cord -2 coxal bones articulate anterior(pubic
symphysis) and posterior (SI joint) -both transmit weight down through femora -tibia
articulates with distal femur forming knee and with calcaneus (ankle) -majority of weight (tibia)
-7 tarsals transmit weight to foot (long arch): equally 50% to ankle and 50% to phalanges
● hip bony and joint structures. Answer: -ball and socket with femoral head at approx. 125
degrees (angle of inclination) dispersing forces downward and outward -strength from
structure and ligaments, muscles are not key to stability -weakest component of femur is neck
-articular capsule is strong because structure is where it gets its strength -3 DOF
● ilium, ischium, and pubis (coxal bone). Answer: -these bones typically fuse by age 25
and become the paired coxal bones -articulate posteriorly via sacroiliac joints and anteriorly
via pubic symphysis -muscle attachments and transmission of weight equally through LEs
(purpose of girdle)
● male vs female pelvis. Answer: the pelvic basin is wider and rounder in females to
accommodate needs associated with childbearing
● hip joint (acetabulum and femur). Answer: -known as the coxofemoral joint -all 3 bones of
the pelvis (ilium, ishcium, pubic) form the acetabulum -femur is longer and strongest bone in
the body -angle of inclination (approx 125 degrees)
● Coxa Vara and Coxa Valga. Answer: -normal angle -coxa vara: angle is less and very rare
-coxa valga: angle is more
● hip joint capsule. Answer: is strong thick structure that encloses the femoral neck
● hip ligaments. Answer: -connect bone to bone and limit movement 3 strong anterior:
-iliofemoral: medial rotation standing posture -pubofemoral: lateral rotation -ischiofemoral:
medial rotation all tighten with hip hyperextension
, ● hip bursa. Answer: -trochanteric bursitis is considered the common bursitis of the hip
-etiologies include traumatic bursitis (fall), repetitive pressure (bike, run, stand) or age/gender
(women, 40-60s)
● movements of the pelvis. Answer: -upward rotation (posterior pelvic tilt- normal poster of
people from slouch) -downwards rotation (anterior pelvic tilt) -lateral swinging and tilting
during gait
● `movement: flexion. Answer: muscle- iliopsoas, sartorious, tensor fasciae latae,
quadriceps
● movement: adduction. Answer: muscle- pectineus, adductor longus/brevis, adductor
magnus
● movement: extension. Answer: muscle- gluteus maximus, hamstrings
● movement: abduction. Answer: muscle- gluteus medius/minimus, tensor fasciae latae
● movement: lateral rotation. Answer: muscle- piriformis, gemellus superior/inferior,
obturator internus/externus, quadratus femoris, gluteus medius/ minimus, sartorious
● movement: medial rotation. Answer: muscle- gluteus medius/ minimus, tensor fasciae
latae
● loads on the hip. Answer: -each hip supports approx. 50% of body weight above it -during
gait, the load on the femur is approx. 80% of body weight -carrying loads on hard sole shoes
or angles footwear further increases compressive forces on the hip -ankle can change weight
it bares and can "kick it" back up the leg
● hip fracture among older adults. Answer: -95% from falls (#1 reason) -neck of hip
45-53% -woman 75% of hip fractures because they fall more and have osteoporosis
● acetabulum tear. Answer: labrum can under go injury; older; athletics/dancing- deep
anterior hip pain, clicking, catching, and hip giving way
● hip replacement. Answer: -surgical intervention -hemiarthroplasty (original acetabulum)-
replace parts of femur, neck, ball but use original acetabulum -total hip replacement
(acetabulum resurfaced)-fix femur and fix acetabulum or resurface it
● total hip recurrent dislocation. Answer: - can dislocate the THR -rare but happens if hip
precautions arent allowed
