Test Bank for Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology 8th Edition by Frederic H. Martini, Edwin F. Bartholomew, 9780135310120, All Chapters, LATEST 2026

TEST BANK
ESSENTIALS OF ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY

, Table of Contents

1. An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology
2. The Chemical Level of Organization
3. Cell Structure and Function
4. The Tissue Level of Organization
5. The Integumentary System
6. The Skeletal System
7. The Muscular System
8. The Nervous System
9. The General and Special Senses
10. The Endocrine System
11. The Cardiovascular System: Blood
12. The Cardiovascular System: The Heart
13. The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation
14. The Lymphatic System and Immunity
15. The Respiratory System
16. The Digestive System
17. Metabolism and Energetics
18. The Urinary System
19. The Reproductive System
20. Development and Inheritance

,Essentials Of Anatomy & Physiology, 8e (Martini/Bartholomew)
Chapter 1 An Introduction To Anatomy And Physiology

1.1 Multiple-choice questions

1) Characteristics of living organisms include the ability to
A) Repair and completely restore itself during any type of injury.
B) Respond and adapt to their environment.
C) Control the external environment.
D) Form positive feedback loops.
E) Create a protective covering over
themselves. Answer: b
Learning outcome: 1-1
Bloom's taxonomy: remembering

2) The waste products of metabolism are eliminated through the process of
A) Assimilation.
B) Absorption.
C) Excretion.
D) Digestion.
E) Resorption
.
Answer: c
Learning outcome: 1-1
Bloom's taxonomy: remembering

3) Humans have specialized organ systems compared to smaller organisms because
A) We have to interact with our environment and smaller organisms do not.
B) Smaller organisms do not need as many nutrients.
C) Our cells are larger.
D) Small organisms do not do the same processes than humans do.
E) There is multicellularity and increased size in larger
organisms. Answer: e
Learning outcome: 1-1
Bloom's taxonomy: understanding

4) Think about the definitions of anatomy and of physiology. The relationship between these
two fields is best described by the following statement:
A) Anatomy is the study of function.
B) All structures are derived from an ancestral structure.
C) Physiology becomes more complex over time.
D) Structure follows function.
E) Organs that have similar function also have similar
structure. Answer: d
Learning outcome: 1-2
Bloom's taxonomy: understanding

,5) Diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease would be covered in the specialty area
of physiology called
A) Hyperbaric physiology.
B) Pathophysiology.
C) Gross anatomy.
D) Regional anatomy.
E) Systemic
anatomy.
Answer: b
Learning outcome: 1-2
Bloom's taxonomy: understanding

6) Studying all the superficial and internal features in one specific area of the body is called
A) Gross anatomy.
B) Surface anatomy.
C) Systemic anatomy.
D) Regional anatomy.
E) Surgical
anatomy.
Answer: d
Learning outcome: 1-2
Bloom's taxonomy: remembering

7) One difference between a gross anatomist and a histologist would be
A) The use of a microscope.
B) The need to use sophisticated diagnostic imaging methods.
C) One studies physiology and the other studies anatomy.
D) Which organ systems one studies.
E) Which diseases are
seen. Answer: a
learning outcome: 1-2
Bloom's taxonomy: understanding

8) The study of cells and cellular structures is called
A) Gross anatomy.
B) Cytology.
C) Histology.
D) Organology.
E) Microbiology
.
Answer: b
Learning outcome: 1-2
Bloom's taxonomy: remembering

,9) Biopsy samples from organs are sent to your lab for staining and then
viewing in a microscope. Your area of expertise would be
A) Regional physiology.
B) Gross anatomy.
C) Regional anatomy.
D) Systemic anatomy.
E) Histology
.
Answer: e
Learning outcome: 1-2
Bloom's taxonomy: understanding

10) The study of body structure is called
A) Physiology.
B) Homeostasis.
C) Anatomy.
D) Positive feedback.
E) Negative
feedback.
Answer: c
Learning outcome: 1-2
Bloom's taxonomy: remembering

11) The branch of biological science that deals with how the kidney functions is called
A) Endocrine physiology.
B) Histology.
C) Adrenal anatomy.
D) Cytology.
E) Renal
Physiology.
Answer: e
Learning outcome: 1-2
Bloom's taxonomy: remembering

12) Which division of anatomy focuses on the form and structure of the heart, blood, and
blood vessels?
A) Regional anatomy
B) Surface anatomy
C) Cytology
D) Histology
E) Systemic
anatomy answer:
E
Learning outcome: 1-2
Bloom's taxonomy: understanding

,13) Which statement about anatomy and physiology is true?
A) Physiology is the study of structure.
B) Anatomy is the study of structure and function.
C) Both anatomy and physiology are needed to understand organ systems and organisms.
D) There is only one area of anatomy, whereas there are many subdivisions of physiology.
E) Special physiology focuses on a particular organ
system. Answer: c
Learning outcome: 1-2
Bloom's taxonomy: understanding

14) A cardiologist studies the human body mainly with an approach resembling
A) Gross anatomy.
B) Surface anatomy.
C) Microscopic anatomy.
D) Systemic anatomy.
E) Regional
anatomy.
Answer: d
Learning outcome: 1-2
Bloom's taxonomy: understanding

15) Which of the following is an organ?
A) Blood
B) Heart
C) Peritoneum
D) Connective tissue
E) Mitochondrio
n answer: b
Learning outcome: 1-3
Bloom's taxonomy: remembering

16) A collection of cells that work together designates a(n)
A) Chemical.
B) Organ.
C) Tissue.
D) Organ system.
E) Molecule
. Answer:
C
Learning outcome: 1-3
Bloom's taxonomy: remembering

,17) Which of the following is the simplest level of organization?
A) Cellular
B) Chemical
C) Organ
D) System
E) Tissue
Answer:
B
Learning outcome: 1-3
Bloom's taxonomy: remembering

18) The heart, blood, and blood vessels combine to form which of the following?
A) A group of cells
B) An organ system
C) The smallest level of organization
D) An organ
E) An individual living
entity answer: b
learning outcome: 1-3
Bloom's taxonomy: remembering

19) Which statement is true?
A) An organ will likely be composed of different tissues.
B) Organs are composed of organ systems.
C) Many molecules come together to form atoms.
D) All organs in an organ system have the same function.
E) The smallest living unit in the body is an
atom. Answer: a
Learning outcome: 1-3
Bloom's taxonomy: understanding

20) Which of the following is an accurate description of the cellular level of organization?
A) Cells consist of two or more different tissues working together to perform specific functions.
B) Cells are considered to be the largest living units in the body.
C) Cells are comprised of different molecules that interact to form larger structures, each type
of which has a specific function.
D) Cells combine to form molecules with complex shapes, which determine their function(s).
E) Cardiac muscle is an example of the cellular level of
organization. Answer: c
Learning outcome: 1-3
Bloom's taxonomy: understanding

,21) The fact that a single defective protein causes cystic fibrosis, a multisystemic illness,
proves that
A) All organisms are composed of cells.
B) All levels of organization within an organism are interdependent.
C) Chemical molecules make up cells.
D) All cells are independent of each other.
E) Congenital defects can be life
threatening. Answer: b learning
outcome: 1-3
Bloom's taxonomy: applying

22) The production of another human organism is the function of which of the
following systems?
A) Skeletal
B) Reproductive
C) Respiratory
D) Lymphoid
E) Cardiovascula
r answer: b
Learning outcome: 1-4
Bloom's taxonomy: understanding

23) How are the endocrine organ system and nervous organ system alike?
A) They both send nerve impulses.
B) Each of the systems regulates different activities.
C) Together, they both regulate most of the activities of the body.
D) They both have many disorders associated with them.
E) One system is more involved with young life, whereas the other becomes more
important later in life.
Answer: c
Learning outcome: 1-4
Bloom's taxonomy: understanding

24) The trachea and lungs are components of the
A) Endocrine system.
B) Digestive system.
C) Respiratory system.
D) Urinary system.
E) Lymphoid
system. Answer: c
Learning outcome: 1-4
Bloom's taxonomy: remembering

,25) The pituitary and thyroid glands are components of the
A) Endocrine system.
B) Cardiovascular system.
C) Respiratory system.
D) Lymphoid system.
E) Digestive
system. Answer:
A
Learning outcome: 1-4
Bloom's taxonomy: remembering

26) Gas exchange is a function of the
A) Cardiovascular system.
B) Lymphoid system.
C) Respiratory system.
D) Urinary system.
E) Endocrine
system. Answer: c
Learning outcome: 1-4
Bloom's taxonomy: remembering

27) Which structure(s) is/are a component of the digestive system?
A) Pituitary gland
B) Ligaments
C) Urethra
D) Arteries
E) Liver
Answer:
E
Learning outcome: 1-4
Bloom's taxonomy: remembering

28) Covering, protection, and control of body temperature are functions of which organ
system of the human body?
A) Integumentary
B) Muscular
C) Skeletal
D) Nervous
E) Endocrin
e answer:
A
Learning outcome: 1-4
Bloom's taxonomy: understanding

, 29) The thymus is associated with which organ system?
A) Nervous
B) Respiratory
C) Digestive
D) Urinary
E) Endocrin
e answer:
E
Learning outcome: 1-4
Bloom's taxonomy: understanding

30) All of these organ systems have exchange of materials as a main function.
A) Urinary and digestive
B) Respiratory and cardiovascular
C) Cardiovascular and endocrine
D) Digestive and respiratory
E) Lymphatic and bone
answer: b learning
outcome: 1-4
Bloom's taxonomy: understanding

31) What is/are the primary function(s) of the skeletal system?
A) Protection from environment
B) Internal transport of materials
C) Support, protection, and mineral storage
D) Delivery of air for gas exchange
E) Locomotion and heat
production answer: c
learning outcome: 1-4
Bloom's taxonomy: understanding