PN 4003 Exam 4: Variations in Health Verified and
Latest Questions and Answers
1. A patient with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is experiencing diaphoresis, tremors,
and confusion. Which action should the nurse take first?
A. Administer 15g of fast-acting carbohydrates.
B. Call the healthcare provider immediately.
C. Check the patient’s blood glucose level.
D. Administer the scheduled dose of insulin.
Answer: C
Explanation: The symptoms suggest hypoglycemia; checking the blood glucose level
confirms the condition before initiating treatment according to the 15/15 rule.
2. Which clinical manifestation is most characteristic of Parkinson’s disease?
A. Spasticity and hyperreflexia.
B. Sudden loss of muscle tone.
C. Pill-rolling tremor at rest.
D. Ascending muscle weakness.
Answer: C
Explanation: A rhythmic, resting tremor often described as ‘pill-rolling’ is a classic cardinal
sign of Parkinson’s disease due to dopamine depletion.
,3. A patient is diagnosed with Osteoarthritis (OA). Which description of pain is
most consistent with this diagnosis?
A. Joint pain that is relieved by rest and worsens with activity.
B. Pain is worst in the morning and improves with activity.
C. Constant throbbing pain regardless of movement.
D. Migratory pain that moves from one joint to another.
Answer: A
Explanation: Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease where pain typically worsens
with weight-bearing and use, and is relieved by rest.
4. When teaching a patient about Multiple Sclerosis (MS), the nurse explains
that the disease involves:
A. The destruction of the myelin sheath in the CNS.
B. The depletion of dopamine in the basal ganglia.
C. The overproduction of acetylcholine at the synapse.
D. Degeneration of the lower motor neurons.
Answer: A
Explanation: Multiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune process that causes demyelination of the
white matter of the brain and spinal cord.
, 5. Which of the following is a primary risk factor for the development of
Ischemic Stroke?
A. Hypotension.
B. Atrial Fibrillation.
C. Excessive exercise.
D. Low sodium diet.
Answer: B
Explanation: Atrial fibrillation increases the risk of clot formation in the heart, which can
travel to the brain and cause an ischemic stroke.
6. A patient with Hyperthyroidism is most likely to exhibit which of the
following symptoms?
A. Bradycardia and constipation.
B. Weight gain and lethargy.
C. Cold intolerance and dry skin.
D. Tachycardia and heat intolerance.
Answer: D
Explanation: Hyperthyroidism accelerates metabolism, leading to symptoms like a fast
heart rate, nervousness, and feeling excessively warm.
Latest Questions and Answers
1. A patient with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is experiencing diaphoresis, tremors,
and confusion. Which action should the nurse take first?
A. Administer 15g of fast-acting carbohydrates.
B. Call the healthcare provider immediately.
C. Check the patient’s blood glucose level.
D. Administer the scheduled dose of insulin.
Answer: C
Explanation: The symptoms suggest hypoglycemia; checking the blood glucose level
confirms the condition before initiating treatment according to the 15/15 rule.
2. Which clinical manifestation is most characteristic of Parkinson’s disease?
A. Spasticity and hyperreflexia.
B. Sudden loss of muscle tone.
C. Pill-rolling tremor at rest.
D. Ascending muscle weakness.
Answer: C
Explanation: A rhythmic, resting tremor often described as ‘pill-rolling’ is a classic cardinal
sign of Parkinson’s disease due to dopamine depletion.
,3. A patient is diagnosed with Osteoarthritis (OA). Which description of pain is
most consistent with this diagnosis?
A. Joint pain that is relieved by rest and worsens with activity.
B. Pain is worst in the morning and improves with activity.
C. Constant throbbing pain regardless of movement.
D. Migratory pain that moves from one joint to another.
Answer: A
Explanation: Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease where pain typically worsens
with weight-bearing and use, and is relieved by rest.
4. When teaching a patient about Multiple Sclerosis (MS), the nurse explains
that the disease involves:
A. The destruction of the myelin sheath in the CNS.
B. The depletion of dopamine in the basal ganglia.
C. The overproduction of acetylcholine at the synapse.
D. Degeneration of the lower motor neurons.
Answer: A
Explanation: Multiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune process that causes demyelination of the
white matter of the brain and spinal cord.
, 5. Which of the following is a primary risk factor for the development of
Ischemic Stroke?
A. Hypotension.
B. Atrial Fibrillation.
C. Excessive exercise.
D. Low sodium diet.
Answer: B
Explanation: Atrial fibrillation increases the risk of clot formation in the heart, which can
travel to the brain and cause an ischemic stroke.
6. A patient with Hyperthyroidism is most likely to exhibit which of the
following symptoms?
A. Bradycardia and constipation.
B. Weight gain and lethargy.
C. Cold intolerance and dry skin.
D. Tachycardia and heat intolerance.
Answer: D
Explanation: Hyperthyroidism accelerates metabolism, leading to symptoms like a fast
heart rate, nervousness, and feeling excessively warm.
