PN 4003 Exam 3: Variations in Health Verified and
Latest Questions and Answers
1. A patient with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is found unconscious with a blood
glucose of 2.2 mmol/L. What is the priority nursing intervention?
A. Administer 15g of oral carbohydrates
B. Wait 15 minutes and recheck blood glucose
C. Administer Glucagon IM or SC as per protocol
D. Administer 10 units of regular insulin
Answer: C
Explanation: In an unconscious patient with severe hypoglycemia, the oral route is unsafe
due to aspiration risk. Glucagon is the standard emergency treatment for unconscious
patients.
2. Which clinical manifestation is most characteristic of Graves’ disease?
A. Exophthalmos and tachycardia
B. Bradycardia and cold intolerance
C. Weight gain and lethargy
D. Hypotension and dry skin
Answer: A
,Explanation: Graves’ disease is a form of hyperthyroidism characterized by bulging eyes
(exophthalmos) and signs of an increased metabolic rate like tachycardia.
3. A nurse is caring for a patient with COPD who is receiving oxygen. What is the
target oxygen saturation (SpO2) for this patient?
A. 95-100%
B. 80-85%
C. Above 98%
D. 88-92%
Answer: D
Explanation: For many COPD patients, a target SpO2 of 88-92% is recommended to
prevent the suppression of the hypoxic drive to breathe.
4. Which of the following is a primary risk factor for the development of
cataracts?
A. High protein diet
B. Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light
C. Chronic hypotension
D. Excessive intake of Vitamin A
Answer: B
Explanation: Cataracts are often caused by cumulative exposure to UV light, aging, and
smoking.
, 5. A patient is diagnosed with Glaucoma. The nurse understands this condition
is primarily characterized by:
A. Increased intraocular pressure
B. Separation of the retina
C. Clouding of the lens
D. Infection of the conjunctiva
Answer: A
Explanation: Glaucoma involves increased intraocular pressure which can lead to optic
nerve damage and vision loss.
6. What is the most significant laboratory finding in a patient experiencing
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)?
A. Blood glucose 5.5 mmol/L
B. Decreased hemoglobin A1C
C. Elevated serum potassium
D. Positive urine ketones and metabolic acidosis
Answer: D
Explanation: DKA is characterized by hyperglycemia, ketosis (evidenced in urine/blood),
and metabolic acidosis.
Latest Questions and Answers
1. A patient with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is found unconscious with a blood
glucose of 2.2 mmol/L. What is the priority nursing intervention?
A. Administer 15g of oral carbohydrates
B. Wait 15 minutes and recheck blood glucose
C. Administer Glucagon IM or SC as per protocol
D. Administer 10 units of regular insulin
Answer: C
Explanation: In an unconscious patient with severe hypoglycemia, the oral route is unsafe
due to aspiration risk. Glucagon is the standard emergency treatment for unconscious
patients.
2. Which clinical manifestation is most characteristic of Graves’ disease?
A. Exophthalmos and tachycardia
B. Bradycardia and cold intolerance
C. Weight gain and lethargy
D. Hypotension and dry skin
Answer: A
,Explanation: Graves’ disease is a form of hyperthyroidism characterized by bulging eyes
(exophthalmos) and signs of an increased metabolic rate like tachycardia.
3. A nurse is caring for a patient with COPD who is receiving oxygen. What is the
target oxygen saturation (SpO2) for this patient?
A. 95-100%
B. 80-85%
C. Above 98%
D. 88-92%
Answer: D
Explanation: For many COPD patients, a target SpO2 of 88-92% is recommended to
prevent the suppression of the hypoxic drive to breathe.
4. Which of the following is a primary risk factor for the development of
cataracts?
A. High protein diet
B. Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light
C. Chronic hypotension
D. Excessive intake of Vitamin A
Answer: B
Explanation: Cataracts are often caused by cumulative exposure to UV light, aging, and
smoking.
, 5. A patient is diagnosed with Glaucoma. The nurse understands this condition
is primarily characterized by:
A. Increased intraocular pressure
B. Separation of the retina
C. Clouding of the lens
D. Infection of the conjunctiva
Answer: A
Explanation: Glaucoma involves increased intraocular pressure which can lead to optic
nerve damage and vision loss.
6. What is the most significant laboratory finding in a patient experiencing
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)?
A. Blood glucose 5.5 mmol/L
B. Decreased hemoglobin A1C
C. Elevated serum potassium
D. Positive urine ketones and metabolic acidosis
Answer: D
Explanation: DKA is characterized by hyperglycemia, ketosis (evidenced in urine/blood),
and metabolic acidosis.
