BICH 409 Final Exam 1 Test Questions
with All Correct Answers 2025-2026
Updated.
isolated system - Answer no exchange of energy or matter (thermos, ice chest)
closed system - Answer only energy is allowed to be exchanged (chicken egg, unopened
soda, stoppered reaction flask)
open system - Answer both energy and matter are allowed to exchange
(human, cell, open reaction flask, opened soda)
what is the only way to change internal energy in a closed system? - Answer heat or work
first law of thermodynamics - Answer the energy of the universe is conserved. it can neither
be created nor destroyed
heat (q) - Answer random thermal motion
what does +q signify - Answer heat added to the system from the surroundings
what does -q signify - Answer heat is given up from the system to the surroundings
work (w) - Answer organized motion
includes:
- pressure/volume
- mechanical
- electrical
- magnetic
- chemical
what does +w signify - Answer work done by the system on the surroundings. system loses
energy
what does -w signify - Answer work done on the system by the surroundings. system gains
energy
,expression for first law: - Answer deltaE = q - w
what are examples of state functions and how are they denoted - Answer denoted by capital
letter, includes internal energy, volume, pressure, temperature, enthalpy, entropy, free energy,
equilibrium constants, and electrical potentials
what does the value of non state functions depend on - Answer the pathway used to go from
the initial state to the final state.
what are examples of non state functions and how are they denoted - Answer denoted by
lowercase letters, examples are heat, work, and velocity
what does change of internal energy of a system depend on? - Answer initial and final state,
not the path
enthalpy (H) - Answer the heat content of the system
enthalpy equation - Answer deltaH = deltaE + delta(PV)
enthalpy equation at constant pressure - Answer deltaH = q
deltaH > 0 (positive) - Answer endothermic (heat energy put into the system)
deltaH < 0 (negative) - Answer exothermic (heat energy is given off by the system)
entropy (S) - Answer the degree of disorder of a system
what increases vs decreases entropy of a system - Answer increase: anything that increases
disorder or randomness
decrease: anything that organizes or orders
second law of thermodynamics - Answer all spontaneous processes proceed from an
ordered to disordered state. all spontaneous processes increase the entropy of the universe.
free energy - Answer maximum amount of work that can be obtained at constant
temperature and pressure
, Gibbs Free Energy equation - Answer deltaG = deltaH - T(deltaS)
deltaG < 0 (negative) - Answer exergonic (spontaneous)
deltaG > 0 (positive) - Answer endergonic (nonspontaneous)
deltaG = 0 - Answer equilibrium
positive deltaS means: - Answer enthalpically opposed
entropically driven
negative deltaS means: - Answer entropically opposed
enthalpically driven
sign of deltaG - Answer direction process proceeds
magnitude of deltaG - Answer how far process must proceed until equilibrium
equilibrium - Answer state of minimum potential energy.
all naturally occurring processes proceed towards equilibrium
any process with a nonzero deltaG will proceed __________ - Answer spontaneously
towards equilibrium
deltaG = - Answer -(R)(T)(lnKeq) + (R)(T)ln([C][D]/[A][B])
gas constant, R = - Answer 8.3145 J/molK
biochemist standard state - Answer concentration of all reactants and products is 1M
pH is 7, or [H+] = 10-7M
pressure is 1atm
temperature is 298K
H2O concentration is 55M
with All Correct Answers 2025-2026
Updated.
isolated system - Answer no exchange of energy or matter (thermos, ice chest)
closed system - Answer only energy is allowed to be exchanged (chicken egg, unopened
soda, stoppered reaction flask)
open system - Answer both energy and matter are allowed to exchange
(human, cell, open reaction flask, opened soda)
what is the only way to change internal energy in a closed system? - Answer heat or work
first law of thermodynamics - Answer the energy of the universe is conserved. it can neither
be created nor destroyed
heat (q) - Answer random thermal motion
what does +q signify - Answer heat added to the system from the surroundings
what does -q signify - Answer heat is given up from the system to the surroundings
work (w) - Answer organized motion
includes:
- pressure/volume
- mechanical
- electrical
- magnetic
- chemical
what does +w signify - Answer work done by the system on the surroundings. system loses
energy
what does -w signify - Answer work done on the system by the surroundings. system gains
energy
,expression for first law: - Answer deltaE = q - w
what are examples of state functions and how are they denoted - Answer denoted by capital
letter, includes internal energy, volume, pressure, temperature, enthalpy, entropy, free energy,
equilibrium constants, and electrical potentials
what does the value of non state functions depend on - Answer the pathway used to go from
the initial state to the final state.
what are examples of non state functions and how are they denoted - Answer denoted by
lowercase letters, examples are heat, work, and velocity
what does change of internal energy of a system depend on? - Answer initial and final state,
not the path
enthalpy (H) - Answer the heat content of the system
enthalpy equation - Answer deltaH = deltaE + delta(PV)
enthalpy equation at constant pressure - Answer deltaH = q
deltaH > 0 (positive) - Answer endothermic (heat energy put into the system)
deltaH < 0 (negative) - Answer exothermic (heat energy is given off by the system)
entropy (S) - Answer the degree of disorder of a system
what increases vs decreases entropy of a system - Answer increase: anything that increases
disorder or randomness
decrease: anything that organizes or orders
second law of thermodynamics - Answer all spontaneous processes proceed from an
ordered to disordered state. all spontaneous processes increase the entropy of the universe.
free energy - Answer maximum amount of work that can be obtained at constant
temperature and pressure
, Gibbs Free Energy equation - Answer deltaG = deltaH - T(deltaS)
deltaG < 0 (negative) - Answer exergonic (spontaneous)
deltaG > 0 (positive) - Answer endergonic (nonspontaneous)
deltaG = 0 - Answer equilibrium
positive deltaS means: - Answer enthalpically opposed
entropically driven
negative deltaS means: - Answer entropically opposed
enthalpically driven
sign of deltaG - Answer direction process proceeds
magnitude of deltaG - Answer how far process must proceed until equilibrium
equilibrium - Answer state of minimum potential energy.
all naturally occurring processes proceed towards equilibrium
any process with a nonzero deltaG will proceed __________ - Answer spontaneously
towards equilibrium
deltaG = - Answer -(R)(T)(lnKeq) + (R)(T)ln([C][D]/[A][B])
gas constant, R = - Answer 8.3145 J/molK
biochemist standard state - Answer concentration of all reactants and products is 1M
pH is 7, or [H+] = 10-7M
pressure is 1atm
temperature is 298K
H2O concentration is 55M
