BICH 409 Exam 1 And Exam 2 And All
Correct Answers 2025-2026 Updated.
Basic functional groups of biochem - Answer - acyl
- amido
- amino
- carbonyl
- carboxyl
- ester
- ether
- hydroxyl
- imino
- phosphoryl
- pyrophosphoryl
- sulfhydryl
aspartate and glutamate (mostly glutamate) - Answer most soluble amino acids in water at
pH 7
electrostatic/ionic interactions - Answer - nondirectional
- 1-80 kJ/mol (about 20 in water, higher when water isn't present)
- 1/r
dipole-dipole - Answer - directional
- 1-10 kJ/mol
- 1/r^3
dipole-induced dipole - Answer - directional
- 0.4-3 kJ/mol
- 1/r^5
london dispersion - Answer - directional
- 0.1-2 kJ/mol
- 1/r^6
,lowest to highest bond strenght - Answer hydrophobic interaction < hydrogen bond < ionic
interactions < covalent bonds
van der waal's radius - Answer radius where 2 atoms are close enough to attract but not
repel (sweet spot)
van der waal's forces - Answer attraction of intermolecular forces between molecules
dipole moment - Answer what happens when there is a difference between the
electronegativities of covalently bonded and the molecule is asymmetric
the bigger the r exponent is - Answer the closer the two atoms have to be to each other in
order to have a specific non-covalent interaction...
a permanent dipole moment - Answer a hydrogen bond donor needs...
a non-bonding pair of electrons - Answer a hydrogen bond acceptor needs...
OH, NH, SH - Answer typical hydrogen bond donors in biomolecules
O, N, S - Answer typical hydrogen bond acceptors in biomolecules
linear - Answer strong hydrogen bonds are...
eukaryotes - Answer - organelles
- have a nucleus
- larger
- plants, animals, fungi
prokaryotes - Answer - no organelles
- no nucleus
- smaller
- cell wall
- single cell organisms (bacteria)
, endoplasmic reticulum - Answer an internal membrane system in which components of cell
membrane and some proteins are constructed
golgi apparatus - Answer stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages
proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondria - Answer major site of oxidative energy metabolism
chloroplasts - Answer site of photosynthesis
lysosomes - Answer organelle containing digestive enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of
proteins, polysaccharides, and phospholipids
peroxisomes - Answer contains catalase and other oxidative enzymes used in oxidative
metabolism
vacuoles - Answer fluid-filled sacs that store water, food, wastes, salts, or pigments
cytosol - Answer hte soluble portion of the cytoplasm, which includes molecules and small
particles, such as ribosomes, but not the organelles covered with membranes.
cell wall - Answer a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support
to the cell (plants - composed of cellulose)
plasma membrane - Answer a selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the
boundary of the cells
ΔS sys + ΔS surr = ΔS univ - Answer relationship between system, surrounds, and universe
evaluation of free energy change in biochemical processes - Answer - if ΔG is negative, the
process is spontaneous
- if ΔG is positive, the process is nonspontaneous
three types of systems - Answer - isolated (ex: thermos)
- closed (ex: chicken egg)
- open (ex: humans)
Correct Answers 2025-2026 Updated.
Basic functional groups of biochem - Answer - acyl
- amido
- amino
- carbonyl
- carboxyl
- ester
- ether
- hydroxyl
- imino
- phosphoryl
- pyrophosphoryl
- sulfhydryl
aspartate and glutamate (mostly glutamate) - Answer most soluble amino acids in water at
pH 7
electrostatic/ionic interactions - Answer - nondirectional
- 1-80 kJ/mol (about 20 in water, higher when water isn't present)
- 1/r
dipole-dipole - Answer - directional
- 1-10 kJ/mol
- 1/r^3
dipole-induced dipole - Answer - directional
- 0.4-3 kJ/mol
- 1/r^5
london dispersion - Answer - directional
- 0.1-2 kJ/mol
- 1/r^6
,lowest to highest bond strenght - Answer hydrophobic interaction < hydrogen bond < ionic
interactions < covalent bonds
van der waal's radius - Answer radius where 2 atoms are close enough to attract but not
repel (sweet spot)
van der waal's forces - Answer attraction of intermolecular forces between molecules
dipole moment - Answer what happens when there is a difference between the
electronegativities of covalently bonded and the molecule is asymmetric
the bigger the r exponent is - Answer the closer the two atoms have to be to each other in
order to have a specific non-covalent interaction...
a permanent dipole moment - Answer a hydrogen bond donor needs...
a non-bonding pair of electrons - Answer a hydrogen bond acceptor needs...
OH, NH, SH - Answer typical hydrogen bond donors in biomolecules
O, N, S - Answer typical hydrogen bond acceptors in biomolecules
linear - Answer strong hydrogen bonds are...
eukaryotes - Answer - organelles
- have a nucleus
- larger
- plants, animals, fungi
prokaryotes - Answer - no organelles
- no nucleus
- smaller
- cell wall
- single cell organisms (bacteria)
, endoplasmic reticulum - Answer an internal membrane system in which components of cell
membrane and some proteins are constructed
golgi apparatus - Answer stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages
proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondria - Answer major site of oxidative energy metabolism
chloroplasts - Answer site of photosynthesis
lysosomes - Answer organelle containing digestive enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of
proteins, polysaccharides, and phospholipids
peroxisomes - Answer contains catalase and other oxidative enzymes used in oxidative
metabolism
vacuoles - Answer fluid-filled sacs that store water, food, wastes, salts, or pigments
cytosol - Answer hte soluble portion of the cytoplasm, which includes molecules and small
particles, such as ribosomes, but not the organelles covered with membranes.
cell wall - Answer a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support
to the cell (plants - composed of cellulose)
plasma membrane - Answer a selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the
boundary of the cells
ΔS sys + ΔS surr = ΔS univ - Answer relationship between system, surrounds, and universe
evaluation of free energy change in biochemical processes - Answer - if ΔG is negative, the
process is spontaneous
- if ΔG is positive, the process is nonspontaneous
three types of systems - Answer - isolated (ex: thermos)
- closed (ex: chicken egg)
- open (ex: humans)
