PAT 401 - MIDTERM 1 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
what |is |seizure?
sudden |and |transient |disruption |of |neural |function |caused |by |abnormal |discharge |of |neurons
what |can |cause |seizure |activity
any |disorder |that |alters |the |neuronal |enviourment |- |both |systemic |and |neurological |diseases |
affecting |CNS
major |factors |causing |seizures
hypoglycemia, |fatigue, |emotional |or |physical |stress, |antipsychotic |drugs, |alcohol, |fevers
how |can |hyperventilation |cause |seizures
body |goes |into |a |state |of |respiratory |alkalosis, |causing |seizures
consequences |of |seizures
cerebral |blood |flow |increases, |O2 |consumption |increases |by |60%, |glucose |decrease, |
accumulation |of |lactate |in |brain |tissue
,how |can |a |seizure |cause |cerebral |death
prolonged |seizures |cause |increased |O2 |consumption, |leading |to |hypoxia, |causing |a |coma |or |
cerebral |death
what |is |a |convulsion
involuntary |and |violent |spasms |of |skeletal |muscles |in |face, |neck, |arms, |and |legs, |present |in |
some |seizures
do |all |seizures |involve |convulsions
no
what |is |epilepsy?
repeated |periods |of |seizures, |cause |of |seizures |and |disease |of |the |brain
criteria |of |epilepsy?
at |least |2 |unprovoked |seizures |occurring |more |than |24 |hours |apart, |one |unprovoked |seizure |
that |has |a |60% |risk |of |recurrence |after |2 |unprovoked |seizures, |over |than |next |10 |years, |
diagnosis |of |epilepsy |syndrome
What |is |epilepsy |caused |by?
genetic |mutations |and |environmental |effects: |genetic, |structural, |metabolic, |immune, |
infections, |and |unknown |causes
,what |causes |epilepsy |- |brain |wise?
abnormalities |in |synapse, |imbalance |in |neurotransmitters, |alterations |in |receptors |and |
channels, |development |of |abnormal |nerve |connection |or |nerve |loss
epilepsy |syndrome
seizure |associated |with |abnormal |findings |on |EEG |and |MRI |that |occur |in |a |pattern
what |is |used |to |diagnose |epilepsy |syndrome
age, |time |of |day, |trigger, |type |of |seizure
classifications |of |seizures
origin |of |seizure |(focal |or |general), |degree |of |awareness |(of |self |and |enviourment, |body |
movement |(motor |or |non |motor)
Types |of |seizures
focal, |generalized, |generalized |& |focal, |unknown
epilepsy |syndroms
childhood |absence |epilepsy |syndrome, |lennox-gastaut, |juvenile |myoclonic, |unclassified |
epileptic |seizures, |pseudoseizures
, seizure |risk |factors |for |young |adults |(18-35)
alcohol/drug |withdrawal |(benzos, |barbs), |brain |tumour, |idiopathic, |illicit |drug |use, |brain |injury, |
perinatal |insults
seizure |risk |factors |for |older |adults |(35+)
alcohol |or |drug |withdrawal |(benzo, |barbs), |brain |tumour, |cerebrovascular |disease |, |CNS |
degenerative |disease, |depression, |idiopathic, |metabolic |disorders, |brain |injury
cerebrovascular |diseases |causing |risk |of |seizures
stroke, |aneurysm, |arteriovenous |malformation
CNS |degenerative |disease |causing |risk |of |seizures
alzehimers, |MS
metabolic |disorders |causing |risk |of |seizures
urenia, |hepatic |failure, |electrolyte |abnormalities
what |are |focal |seizures |(partial |seizures)
neurons |are |unilateral, |limited |to |one |part |of |the |left |or |right |hemisphere, |but |can |spread
CORRECT ANSWERS
what |is |seizure?
sudden |and |transient |disruption |of |neural |function |caused |by |abnormal |discharge |of |neurons
what |can |cause |seizure |activity
any |disorder |that |alters |the |neuronal |enviourment |- |both |systemic |and |neurological |diseases |
affecting |CNS
major |factors |causing |seizures
hypoglycemia, |fatigue, |emotional |or |physical |stress, |antipsychotic |drugs, |alcohol, |fevers
how |can |hyperventilation |cause |seizures
body |goes |into |a |state |of |respiratory |alkalosis, |causing |seizures
consequences |of |seizures
cerebral |blood |flow |increases, |O2 |consumption |increases |by |60%, |glucose |decrease, |
accumulation |of |lactate |in |brain |tissue
,how |can |a |seizure |cause |cerebral |death
prolonged |seizures |cause |increased |O2 |consumption, |leading |to |hypoxia, |causing |a |coma |or |
cerebral |death
what |is |a |convulsion
involuntary |and |violent |spasms |of |skeletal |muscles |in |face, |neck, |arms, |and |legs, |present |in |
some |seizures
do |all |seizures |involve |convulsions
no
what |is |epilepsy?
repeated |periods |of |seizures, |cause |of |seizures |and |disease |of |the |brain
criteria |of |epilepsy?
at |least |2 |unprovoked |seizures |occurring |more |than |24 |hours |apart, |one |unprovoked |seizure |
that |has |a |60% |risk |of |recurrence |after |2 |unprovoked |seizures, |over |than |next |10 |years, |
diagnosis |of |epilepsy |syndrome
What |is |epilepsy |caused |by?
genetic |mutations |and |environmental |effects: |genetic, |structural, |metabolic, |immune, |
infections, |and |unknown |causes
,what |causes |epilepsy |- |brain |wise?
abnormalities |in |synapse, |imbalance |in |neurotransmitters, |alterations |in |receptors |and |
channels, |development |of |abnormal |nerve |connection |or |nerve |loss
epilepsy |syndrome
seizure |associated |with |abnormal |findings |on |EEG |and |MRI |that |occur |in |a |pattern
what |is |used |to |diagnose |epilepsy |syndrome
age, |time |of |day, |trigger, |type |of |seizure
classifications |of |seizures
origin |of |seizure |(focal |or |general), |degree |of |awareness |(of |self |and |enviourment, |body |
movement |(motor |or |non |motor)
Types |of |seizures
focal, |generalized, |generalized |& |focal, |unknown
epilepsy |syndroms
childhood |absence |epilepsy |syndrome, |lennox-gastaut, |juvenile |myoclonic, |unclassified |
epileptic |seizures, |pseudoseizures
, seizure |risk |factors |for |young |adults |(18-35)
alcohol/drug |withdrawal |(benzos, |barbs), |brain |tumour, |idiopathic, |illicit |drug |use, |brain |injury, |
perinatal |insults
seizure |risk |factors |for |older |adults |(35+)
alcohol |or |drug |withdrawal |(benzo, |barbs), |brain |tumour, |cerebrovascular |disease |, |CNS |
degenerative |disease, |depression, |idiopathic, |metabolic |disorders, |brain |injury
cerebrovascular |diseases |causing |risk |of |seizures
stroke, |aneurysm, |arteriovenous |malformation
CNS |degenerative |disease |causing |risk |of |seizures
alzehimers, |MS
metabolic |disorders |causing |risk |of |seizures
urenia, |hepatic |failure, |electrolyte |abnormalities
what |are |focal |seizures |(partial |seizures)
neurons |are |unilateral, |limited |to |one |part |of |the |left |or |right |hemisphere, |but |can |spread
