PSYCH 121 (CHAP 1, 14 + 15) EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026
What type of study is Psychology? - Answers Psychology is the scientific sudy of mind and behaviour
What have scientific studies have found about everyday situations having common sense answers? -
Answers People are not always as good at predicting outcomes as they think they are.
What does the Hindsight bias lead us to think? - Answers We could have predicted events that we
actually could not have predicted.
Are people frequently unaware of the causes of their own behaviors? - Answers YES
What are the most important approaches (Schools) of Psychology? - Answers 1. Structuralism
2. Functionalism
3. Psychodynamic
4. Behaviorism
5. Cognitive
6. Social-Cultural
What is Structuralism? - Answers Goal was to identify the basic elements or structures of
psychological experience. Wundt began the field known as structuralism.
What id Functionalism? - Answers Understand why animals and humans have developed the
particular psychological aspects that they currently possess.(William James)
Wha is Psychodynamic? - Answers An approach to understanding human behavior that focuses on
the role of unconscious thoughts, feelings and memories. (Sigmund Freud)
What is Behaviorism? - Answers Based on the premise that it is not possible to objectively study the
mind and therefore psychologists should limit their attention to the study of behavior itself. (John B.
Watson and B.F. Skinner)
What is Cognitive? - Answers Studies mental processes, including perception, thinking memory and
judgement. (Hermann Ebbinghaus, Sir Frederic Bartlett and Jean Piaget)
What is Social-Cultural? - Answers Social situations & Cultures in which people find themselves
influence thinking and behavior (Fritz Heider, Leon Festinger and Stanley Schachter)
Who is Plato? - Answers (Greek)
-Argued on the NATURE side, believing that certain kinds of knowledge are innate or inborn.
-Present at birth not acquired through learning or experience
Who is Aristotle? - Answers (Greek)
-more on the NURTURE side, believing that each child is born as an "empty slate" and knowledge is
primarily acquired through learning and experience.
Who is Rene Descartes? - Answers (French)
-Considered issues of free will, arguing in its favor and believing that the mind controls the body
through the pineal gland in the brain. <- later proved incorrect
Who is Wilhelm Wundt? - Answers (German)
-Developed a psychology lab in Leipzig Germany
-psychology is a science not philosophy
-research focused on the nature of consciousness itself. Believed possible to analyze basic elements of
the mind and classify our conscious experiences
-Began field known as STRUCTURALISM
-1st of 2 psychologist to do research in 1800's
Who is William James? - Answers (American)
-Founded psychology lab at Harvard uni
-school of FUNCTIONALISM
-understand why animals and humans have developed the particular psychological aspects that they
posses
-for James ones thinking was relevant to one's behavior
-heavily influenced by Charles Darwins theory of Natural Selection
Who is Sigmund Freud? - Answers -Understanding Behaviour
-Developed PSYCHODYNAMIC PSYCHOLOGY
-believed manu of the problems his patients expressed were related to painful childhood experiences
they could no longer remember
-The IceBerg theory
Who is Ivan Pavlov? - Answers -Watson was influenced by him
What type of study is Psychology? - Answers Psychology is the scientific sudy of mind and behaviour
What have scientific studies have found about everyday situations having common sense answers? -
Answers People are not always as good at predicting outcomes as they think they are.
What does the Hindsight bias lead us to think? - Answers We could have predicted events that we
actually could not have predicted.
Are people frequently unaware of the causes of their own behaviors? - Answers YES
What are the most important approaches (Schools) of Psychology? - Answers 1. Structuralism
2. Functionalism
3. Psychodynamic
4. Behaviorism
5. Cognitive
6. Social-Cultural
What is Structuralism? - Answers Goal was to identify the basic elements or structures of
psychological experience. Wundt began the field known as structuralism.
What id Functionalism? - Answers Understand why animals and humans have developed the
particular psychological aspects that they currently possess.(William James)
Wha is Psychodynamic? - Answers An approach to understanding human behavior that focuses on
the role of unconscious thoughts, feelings and memories. (Sigmund Freud)
What is Behaviorism? - Answers Based on the premise that it is not possible to objectively study the
mind and therefore psychologists should limit their attention to the study of behavior itself. (John B.
Watson and B.F. Skinner)
What is Cognitive? - Answers Studies mental processes, including perception, thinking memory and
judgement. (Hermann Ebbinghaus, Sir Frederic Bartlett and Jean Piaget)
What is Social-Cultural? - Answers Social situations & Cultures in which people find themselves
influence thinking and behavior (Fritz Heider, Leon Festinger and Stanley Schachter)
Who is Plato? - Answers (Greek)
-Argued on the NATURE side, believing that certain kinds of knowledge are innate or inborn.
-Present at birth not acquired through learning or experience
Who is Aristotle? - Answers (Greek)
-more on the NURTURE side, believing that each child is born as an "empty slate" and knowledge is
primarily acquired through learning and experience.
Who is Rene Descartes? - Answers (French)
-Considered issues of free will, arguing in its favor and believing that the mind controls the body
through the pineal gland in the brain. <- later proved incorrect
Who is Wilhelm Wundt? - Answers (German)
-Developed a psychology lab in Leipzig Germany
-psychology is a science not philosophy
-research focused on the nature of consciousness itself. Believed possible to analyze basic elements of
the mind and classify our conscious experiences
-Began field known as STRUCTURALISM
-1st of 2 psychologist to do research in 1800's
Who is William James? - Answers (American)
-Founded psychology lab at Harvard uni
-school of FUNCTIONALISM
-understand why animals and humans have developed the particular psychological aspects that they
posses
-for James ones thinking was relevant to one's behavior
-heavily influenced by Charles Darwins theory of Natural Selection
Who is Sigmund Freud? - Answers -Understanding Behaviour
-Developed PSYCHODYNAMIC PSYCHOLOGY
-believed manu of the problems his patients expressed were related to painful childhood experiences
they could no longer remember
-The IceBerg theory
Who is Ivan Pavlov? - Answers -Watson was influenced by him
