HTH423 Exam 2 2026 (85 Questions) – Confidentiality, Informed Consent & Clinical Research Ethics Q&A

This document contains a structured set of approximately 85 exam-style questions and verified answers for HTH 423 Exam 2, focusing on key concepts in healthcare ethics related to confidentiality, informed consent, and clinical research. It covers essential topics such as truth-telling, duty to warn, patient autonomy, and ethical decision-making in clinical settings, making it highly effective for exam preparation and concept reinforcement. The material provides in-depth coverage of major ethical frameworks including utilitarianism, Kantian ethics, and virtue ethics as applied to confidentiality and informed consent. As shown on page 1, the document introduces foundational definitions like confidentiality and ethical arguments for truth-telling, while later sections expand into legal case studies (e.g., Tarasoff v. Regents, Canterbury v. Spence), competence and surrogate decision-making, and therapeutic privilege. It also explores clinical research ethics, including phases of clinical trials, informed consent requirements, protection of vulnerable populations, and ethical principles such as beneficence, autonomy, and justice. This study guide is particularly suitable for students enrolled in Health Ethics (HTH423), Nursing, Pre-Med, Public Health, Healthcare Administration, Bioethics, and Health Policy courses. It is also highly relevant for students preparing for healthcare ethics exams, clinical law assessments, or research ethics modules, as well as professionals seeking to strengthen their understanding of ethical responsibilities in patient care and medical research. The content aligns closely with widely used academic textbooks such as Health Care Ethics: Critical Issues for the 21st Century and other bioethics and clinical ethics resources commonly used in undergraduate health programs. Keywords: confidentiality healthcare, informed consent law, clinical research ethics, duty to warn ethics, patient autonomy healthcare, therapeutic privilege ethics, clinical trials phases, bioethics case law, healthcare ethics exam prep, utilitarianism vs kantian ethics