PSY 121 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ACCURATE ANSWERS
The neural stimulus, when paired with an unconditioned stimulus, becomes a(n)
___________________ in classical conditioning. - Answers - conditioned stimulus
Every week, Jade spends her allowance on 1/2-pound of sour lemon gummy candies,
even though they always make her mouth water. One day, as she is walking down the
street, Jade sees a girl carrying a little white bag that looks like a candy shop bag. Jade
notices that her mouth is puckering and overflowing with saliva. In this example, the
unconditioned stimulus is the __________________. - Answers - sour lemon gummy
candy
Normally, when food is placed in the mouth of any animal, the salivary glands start
releasing saliva to help with chewing and digestion. In terms of Pavlov's analysis of
learning, salivation would be referred to as a(n) ____________________. - Answers -
unconditioned response
In Watson and Rayner's "Little Albert" study, each time the rat was presented to the
boy, it was accompanied by a loud noise which eventually led Albert to cry when
presented with the rat. In this experiment, Albert's reaction of fear upon seeing the rat
was a(n) ___________ response. - Answers - conditioned
In the past, thunder has made you flinch because the loud noise scares you. Lightning
always comes before the thunder and after time, you begin to flinch as soon as the
lightning strikes. In this scenario, lightning can be interpreted as a(n)
__________________. - Answers - conditioned stimulus
In classical conditioning, __________ occurs when the conditioned stimulus is no longer
paired with the unconditioned stimulus. - Answers - extinction
Martha trains her cat Whiskers to salivate to the sound of a bell. She rings the bell every
fifteen minutes and doesn't follow it with food for Whiskers. It salivates less and less and
finally stops salivating at the sound of the ringing bell. A week later, she finds Whiskers
salivating to the sound of a ringing bell. Which of the following terms explains this
response? - Answers - Spontaneous recovery
Discrimination, generalization, and extinction can occur in _______________________.
- Answers - both operant and classical conditioning
_______ reinforcement occurs when something pleasant follows a behavior. - Answers
- Positive
,Fred is afraid of spiders. He won't even watch a nature show on TV about them. When
he sees a picture of a spider, he has a panic attack, but when he avoids looking at the
image, his panic goes away. Fred's avoidance of spiders is being
____________________. - Answers - negatively reinforced; he is rewarded by his
anxiety going down
Kyla wants to make sure that her dog Axel does not beg for food from the table. Every
time that Axel begs, Kyla says, "No," in a sharp, scolding voice and she never gives in.
Kyla is using _________________. - Answers - positive punishment
Being grounded or put in "time out" effectively removes pleasant stimuli (e.g., attention
from others) from the individual. This is called __________________. - Answers -
negative punishment
When the number of responses is important to a schedule of reinforcement, that
schedule is called a _____ schedule. - Answers - ratio
Which schedule of reinforcement tends to get the highest response rate? - Answers -
Fixed ratio
________ is the process of reinforcement of complex behaviors by rewarding the small
steps in the overall sequence of behaviors. - Answers - Chaining
Gary trains his hamster to roll a marble. First, he reinforces the hamster when it walks
toward the marble, then he reinforces when it touches the marble with its nose. Finally,
the hamster learns to roll the marble and is reinforced for it. This example illustrates
_______. - Answers - shaping
The application of operant-conditioning techniques to teach new responses or to reduce
or eliminate maladaptive or problematic behavior is called _______________________.
- Answers - applied behavior analysis
Ms. Wang gives a sticker for each book her 3rd grade students read. At the end of the
year, any student with more than 10 stickers gets to attend a pizza party. What
behavioral technique is Ms. Wang using? - Answers - Token economy
Promising yourself some kind of reward for completing a task you are not excited about
is an example of ___________________. - Answers - the Premack principle
A ______ neuron fires not only when an animal engages in a particular action, but also
if an animal observes another animal (or human) engaging in the same action. -
Answers - mirror
Research on mirror neurons shows that these neurons fire when an animal
_______________________. - Answers - either engages in a particular behavior or
watches another animal engage in the behavior
, Michael grows up in a home where his father is generally unloving toward his mother.
He observes his father yell and degrade his mother, and he notices that his mother
never resists this treatment. Based on the work of Bandura, what might we predict
about Michael's own relationships when he is older? - Answers - Michael may treat
women with discourtesy and disrespect, as he repeats the behavior he saw in his father.
For observational learning to occur, each of the following must happen except
__________________. - Answers - being reinforced for imitating the model
You need to remove a broken light bulb from a lamp. Without a pair of gloves, you are
likely to cut yourself on the jagged glass. Suddenly, it occurs to you that you can use a
cut potato to remove the light bulb from the socket. You have just demonstrated
___________. - Answers - insight learning
Scientists like Tolman and Kohler conducted important studies to help determine the
role of ________ in learning. - Answers - cognition
Rats that have never received any reinforcement for finding the end of a maze are
presented with food the next time they complete the maze. According to the theory of
latent learning, the next time the rats enter the maze, their performance will be
_____________________. - Answers - as fast as rats who have always received
reinforcement
What is it called when learning has taken place but has not yet been demonstrated? -
Answers - Latent learning
Sal's dog loves to go on a walk and starts spinning in circles and wagging his tail in
excitement when his lead is clipped onto his collar. Eventually Sal begins to notice that
his dog starts to act excited when he puts on his tennis shoes before a walk. His dog's
behavior of spinning in circles and wagging his tail when Sal puts on his tennis shoes is
a _________________. - Answers - conditioned response
In a conditioning experiment, a sound is paired with a brief puff of air to the eye of a
rabbit. After several pairings, the rabbit ultimately blinks its eye when it hears the sound.
Which of the following is true? - Answers - The puff of air serves as the unconditioned
stimulus.
John Watson offered a live, white rat to Little Albert and then made a loud noise behind
Albert's head by striking a steel bar with a hammer. Eventually, the white rat alone
made Albert cry. The white rat served as the ________ stimulus in this study. - Answers
- conditioned
Watson's experiment with Little Albert demonstrated that fears might be
_________________. - Answers - based on classical conditioning
ACCURATE ANSWERS
The neural stimulus, when paired with an unconditioned stimulus, becomes a(n)
___________________ in classical conditioning. - Answers - conditioned stimulus
Every week, Jade spends her allowance on 1/2-pound of sour lemon gummy candies,
even though they always make her mouth water. One day, as she is walking down the
street, Jade sees a girl carrying a little white bag that looks like a candy shop bag. Jade
notices that her mouth is puckering and overflowing with saliva. In this example, the
unconditioned stimulus is the __________________. - Answers - sour lemon gummy
candy
Normally, when food is placed in the mouth of any animal, the salivary glands start
releasing saliva to help with chewing and digestion. In terms of Pavlov's analysis of
learning, salivation would be referred to as a(n) ____________________. - Answers -
unconditioned response
In Watson and Rayner's "Little Albert" study, each time the rat was presented to the
boy, it was accompanied by a loud noise which eventually led Albert to cry when
presented with the rat. In this experiment, Albert's reaction of fear upon seeing the rat
was a(n) ___________ response. - Answers - conditioned
In the past, thunder has made you flinch because the loud noise scares you. Lightning
always comes before the thunder and after time, you begin to flinch as soon as the
lightning strikes. In this scenario, lightning can be interpreted as a(n)
__________________. - Answers - conditioned stimulus
In classical conditioning, __________ occurs when the conditioned stimulus is no longer
paired with the unconditioned stimulus. - Answers - extinction
Martha trains her cat Whiskers to salivate to the sound of a bell. She rings the bell every
fifteen minutes and doesn't follow it with food for Whiskers. It salivates less and less and
finally stops salivating at the sound of the ringing bell. A week later, she finds Whiskers
salivating to the sound of a ringing bell. Which of the following terms explains this
response? - Answers - Spontaneous recovery
Discrimination, generalization, and extinction can occur in _______________________.
- Answers - both operant and classical conditioning
_______ reinforcement occurs when something pleasant follows a behavior. - Answers
- Positive
,Fred is afraid of spiders. He won't even watch a nature show on TV about them. When
he sees a picture of a spider, he has a panic attack, but when he avoids looking at the
image, his panic goes away. Fred's avoidance of spiders is being
____________________. - Answers - negatively reinforced; he is rewarded by his
anxiety going down
Kyla wants to make sure that her dog Axel does not beg for food from the table. Every
time that Axel begs, Kyla says, "No," in a sharp, scolding voice and she never gives in.
Kyla is using _________________. - Answers - positive punishment
Being grounded or put in "time out" effectively removes pleasant stimuli (e.g., attention
from others) from the individual. This is called __________________. - Answers -
negative punishment
When the number of responses is important to a schedule of reinforcement, that
schedule is called a _____ schedule. - Answers - ratio
Which schedule of reinforcement tends to get the highest response rate? - Answers -
Fixed ratio
________ is the process of reinforcement of complex behaviors by rewarding the small
steps in the overall sequence of behaviors. - Answers - Chaining
Gary trains his hamster to roll a marble. First, he reinforces the hamster when it walks
toward the marble, then he reinforces when it touches the marble with its nose. Finally,
the hamster learns to roll the marble and is reinforced for it. This example illustrates
_______. - Answers - shaping
The application of operant-conditioning techniques to teach new responses or to reduce
or eliminate maladaptive or problematic behavior is called _______________________.
- Answers - applied behavior analysis
Ms. Wang gives a sticker for each book her 3rd grade students read. At the end of the
year, any student with more than 10 stickers gets to attend a pizza party. What
behavioral technique is Ms. Wang using? - Answers - Token economy
Promising yourself some kind of reward for completing a task you are not excited about
is an example of ___________________. - Answers - the Premack principle
A ______ neuron fires not only when an animal engages in a particular action, but also
if an animal observes another animal (or human) engaging in the same action. -
Answers - mirror
Research on mirror neurons shows that these neurons fire when an animal
_______________________. - Answers - either engages in a particular behavior or
watches another animal engage in the behavior
, Michael grows up in a home where his father is generally unloving toward his mother.
He observes his father yell and degrade his mother, and he notices that his mother
never resists this treatment. Based on the work of Bandura, what might we predict
about Michael's own relationships when he is older? - Answers - Michael may treat
women with discourtesy and disrespect, as he repeats the behavior he saw in his father.
For observational learning to occur, each of the following must happen except
__________________. - Answers - being reinforced for imitating the model
You need to remove a broken light bulb from a lamp. Without a pair of gloves, you are
likely to cut yourself on the jagged glass. Suddenly, it occurs to you that you can use a
cut potato to remove the light bulb from the socket. You have just demonstrated
___________. - Answers - insight learning
Scientists like Tolman and Kohler conducted important studies to help determine the
role of ________ in learning. - Answers - cognition
Rats that have never received any reinforcement for finding the end of a maze are
presented with food the next time they complete the maze. According to the theory of
latent learning, the next time the rats enter the maze, their performance will be
_____________________. - Answers - as fast as rats who have always received
reinforcement
What is it called when learning has taken place but has not yet been demonstrated? -
Answers - Latent learning
Sal's dog loves to go on a walk and starts spinning in circles and wagging his tail in
excitement when his lead is clipped onto his collar. Eventually Sal begins to notice that
his dog starts to act excited when he puts on his tennis shoes before a walk. His dog's
behavior of spinning in circles and wagging his tail when Sal puts on his tennis shoes is
a _________________. - Answers - conditioned response
In a conditioning experiment, a sound is paired with a brief puff of air to the eye of a
rabbit. After several pairings, the rabbit ultimately blinks its eye when it hears the sound.
Which of the following is true? - Answers - The puff of air serves as the unconditioned
stimulus.
John Watson offered a live, white rat to Little Albert and then made a loud noise behind
Albert's head by striking a steel bar with a hammer. Eventually, the white rat alone
made Albert cry. The white rat served as the ________ stimulus in this study. - Answers
- conditioned
Watson's experiment with Little Albert demonstrated that fears might be
_________________. - Answers - based on classical conditioning
