1|Page
BIO 322 PATHO MIDTERM EXAM LATEST 2026-2027 ACTUAL EXAM
WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(100% VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+| ||PROFESSOR
VERIFIED|| ||BRANDNEW!!!||
Elissa is a 16 year old high school student who attempted to
overdose on aspirin because Joey, the star quarterback, kissed
Emily, who probably has mono anyway. You got the privilege of
helping to pump Elissa's stomach and stick charcoal down her
throat to dry up the aspirin. Arterial blood gases showed a
metabolic acidosis. Lab showed Na 142 mEq/L (normal 142-145),
K 3.4 mEq/L (3.5-5.0), Ca 8.9 mg/dl (8.8-10.5), Mg 1.8 mg/dl (1.8-
3.0), Cl- 94 (95-105), HCO3- 20 (24-28 mEq/L, HPO4- 2.7 mg/L
(2.5-5) and SO4- 1 mEq/L. By your calculations, does Elissa have
an anion gap?
A. No
B. Yes
C. There is no way to tell from this case - ANSWER-B.
A 30-year-old male arrived at the emergency room complaining of
nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and lethargy. Based on his
symptoms, an ABG was ordered. His test results were pH 7.33
,2|Page
PaCO2- 22 mm/Hg HCO3- 9. What type of imbalance is occurring
in the patient?
A. Uncompensated metabolic acidosis
B. Compensated respiratory acidosis
C. Uncompensated respiratory acidosis
D. Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis
E. Compensated metabolic acidosis - ANSWER-E.
A 41-year-old man has been a smoker since he was 14. He is
experiencing muscle weakness and headaches. He has also
been recently diagnosed with lung cancer. His serum osmolality is
decreased. Which of the following may be true?
A. He has SIADH and an excess of ADH
B. He has Addison Disease and a deficiency of ADH
C. He has SIADH and a deficiency of aldosterone
D. He has diabetes insipidus and a deficiency of ADH -
ANSWER-A.
,3|Page
A 51-year-old male has a BP of 150/95mmHg
(normal<120/80mmHg). If this remains untreated for years, which
cellular alteration will be seen in the heart?
A. Atrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Hypertrophy - ANSWER-D.
A 41-year-old man has been drinking large quantities of water--up
to 20 liters per day-- for the past week. On physical examination
he has diminished skin turgor (a sign of moderate to severe
dehydration) and dry mucous membranes. his serum levels
osmolality is elevated at 343 mOsm/kg. Which of the following is
true?
A. He has SIADH and an excess of ADH
B. He has Addison disease and a deficiency of ADH
C. He has Addison disease and a deficiency of aldosterone
D. He has diabetes insipidus and a deficiency of ADH -
ANSWER-D
, 4|Page
At mile 18 of a marathon an athlete began to experience muscle
cramps and nausea. Thinking she was dehydrated she increased
her water intake. She became disoriented and fell to the ground
unconscious. Which of the following electrolyte imbalances is
most likely causing her condition?
A. Hyponatremia
B. Hypernatremia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypomagnesemia - ANSWER-A
sodium is responsible for:
A. ECF Osmotic balance
B. ICF Osmotic balance
C. Osmotic equilibrium - ANSWER-A
A 56-year-old female presents to her physician complaining of
dizzieness, confusion, tingling in the extremities. Blood tests
reveal an elevated pH, decreased PaCO2 and slightly decreased
HCO3. Which of following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Respiratory alkalosis with renal compensation
BIO 322 PATHO MIDTERM EXAM LATEST 2026-2027 ACTUAL EXAM
WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(100% VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+| ||PROFESSOR
VERIFIED|| ||BRANDNEW!!!||
Elissa is a 16 year old high school student who attempted to
overdose on aspirin because Joey, the star quarterback, kissed
Emily, who probably has mono anyway. You got the privilege of
helping to pump Elissa's stomach and stick charcoal down her
throat to dry up the aspirin. Arterial blood gases showed a
metabolic acidosis. Lab showed Na 142 mEq/L (normal 142-145),
K 3.4 mEq/L (3.5-5.0), Ca 8.9 mg/dl (8.8-10.5), Mg 1.8 mg/dl (1.8-
3.0), Cl- 94 (95-105), HCO3- 20 (24-28 mEq/L, HPO4- 2.7 mg/L
(2.5-5) and SO4- 1 mEq/L. By your calculations, does Elissa have
an anion gap?
A. No
B. Yes
C. There is no way to tell from this case - ANSWER-B.
A 30-year-old male arrived at the emergency room complaining of
nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and lethargy. Based on his
symptoms, an ABG was ordered. His test results were pH 7.33
,2|Page
PaCO2- 22 mm/Hg HCO3- 9. What type of imbalance is occurring
in the patient?
A. Uncompensated metabolic acidosis
B. Compensated respiratory acidosis
C. Uncompensated respiratory acidosis
D. Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis
E. Compensated metabolic acidosis - ANSWER-E.
A 41-year-old man has been a smoker since he was 14. He is
experiencing muscle weakness and headaches. He has also
been recently diagnosed with lung cancer. His serum osmolality is
decreased. Which of the following may be true?
A. He has SIADH and an excess of ADH
B. He has Addison Disease and a deficiency of ADH
C. He has SIADH and a deficiency of aldosterone
D. He has diabetes insipidus and a deficiency of ADH -
ANSWER-A.
,3|Page
A 51-year-old male has a BP of 150/95mmHg
(normal<120/80mmHg). If this remains untreated for years, which
cellular alteration will be seen in the heart?
A. Atrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Hypertrophy - ANSWER-D.
A 41-year-old man has been drinking large quantities of water--up
to 20 liters per day-- for the past week. On physical examination
he has diminished skin turgor (a sign of moderate to severe
dehydration) and dry mucous membranes. his serum levels
osmolality is elevated at 343 mOsm/kg. Which of the following is
true?
A. He has SIADH and an excess of ADH
B. He has Addison disease and a deficiency of ADH
C. He has Addison disease and a deficiency of aldosterone
D. He has diabetes insipidus and a deficiency of ADH -
ANSWER-D
, 4|Page
At mile 18 of a marathon an athlete began to experience muscle
cramps and nausea. Thinking she was dehydrated she increased
her water intake. She became disoriented and fell to the ground
unconscious. Which of the following electrolyte imbalances is
most likely causing her condition?
A. Hyponatremia
B. Hypernatremia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypomagnesemia - ANSWER-A
sodium is responsible for:
A. ECF Osmotic balance
B. ICF Osmotic balance
C. Osmotic equilibrium - ANSWER-A
A 56-year-old female presents to her physician complaining of
dizzieness, confusion, tingling in the extremities. Blood tests
reveal an elevated pH, decreased PaCO2 and slightly decreased
HCO3. Which of following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Respiratory alkalosis with renal compensation
