What is COGS? - Correct Answer COGS is an interdisciplinary and collaborative approach to
understanding and designing systems that think and act intelligently
natural cognitive systems - Correct Answer humans, other animals, social groups
systems that occur without any intervention, happen as natural things
artificial cognitive systems - Correct Answer computers, robots, languages
cognitive system - Correct Answer a system is cognitive if it can think (process information) and act on
what it thinks
What is cognitive psychology? - Correct Answer the study of human thought and the way in which the
brain processes information
William James - Correct Answer founder of functionalism; believed in introspecting "looking into our
own minds and reporting what we discover" to explain mental processes
Introspection - Correct Answer the act of looking into one's own thoughts and feelings
Wilhelm Wundt - Correct Answer -established the first psychology laboratory at the University of
Leipzig, Germany
-developed introspection into an experimental approach
problems with introspection - Correct Answer -experience is subjective and difficult to replace
-many cognitive processes are unconscious
,-the very act of trying to observe a mental state technically changes that mental state
-experimentally more limited to more basic processes such as "sensation", not good for understanding
consciousness, etc.
-cannot replicate results because it's subjective
John Watson and B.F. Skinner - Correct Answer -founders of behaviorism
-mental processes should be explained by observable, measurable behavior
-focus on the relationship between environmental contingencies and behavior
operant conditioning - Correct Answer -reinforcement learning
-behavior is shaped and trained through reward or punishment
Noam Chomsky - Correct Answer language development; disagreed with Skinner about language
acquisition, stated there is an infinite # of sentences in a language, humans have an inborn native ability
to develop language
-nature side of the nature vs nurture argument
Donald Broadbent - Correct Answer -discovered attention has limited capacity
-dichotic listening
cognitive psychology tenants and approach - Correct Answer -accepts scientific method laid out by
behaviorists and rejects introspection as a valid psychological method
, -but acknowledges the importance of mental states in determining behavior (contribution of the
organism - Noam Chomsky)
-facilitates the study of perception and memory, knowledge representation, numerical cognition and
language
Ulric Neisser - Correct Answer -father of cognitive psychology
-use behavior to make inferences about mental states and processes
-viewed cognitive psychology as a natural alternative to behavioral approach, which he considered
limiting
information processing - Correct Answer information -> computation/encoded for storage-> output
sensation - Correct Answer raw sensory input obtained through senses
perception - Correct Answer our brain's interpretation of sensation
experimental cognitive psychology - Correct Answer -one of the main approaches to cognitive
psychology
-approach involves experimental testing of psychological processes in humans and animal subjects
behavioral experimental approach - Correct Answer -examine behavior in a controlled laboratory study
to understand underlying mental processes
-success and failure in behavior can inform about the underlying mental processes
understanding and designing systems that think and act intelligently
natural cognitive systems - Correct Answer humans, other animals, social groups
systems that occur without any intervention, happen as natural things
artificial cognitive systems - Correct Answer computers, robots, languages
cognitive system - Correct Answer a system is cognitive if it can think (process information) and act on
what it thinks
What is cognitive psychology? - Correct Answer the study of human thought and the way in which the
brain processes information
William James - Correct Answer founder of functionalism; believed in introspecting "looking into our
own minds and reporting what we discover" to explain mental processes
Introspection - Correct Answer the act of looking into one's own thoughts and feelings
Wilhelm Wundt - Correct Answer -established the first psychology laboratory at the University of
Leipzig, Germany
-developed introspection into an experimental approach
problems with introspection - Correct Answer -experience is subjective and difficult to replace
-many cognitive processes are unconscious
,-the very act of trying to observe a mental state technically changes that mental state
-experimentally more limited to more basic processes such as "sensation", not good for understanding
consciousness, etc.
-cannot replicate results because it's subjective
John Watson and B.F. Skinner - Correct Answer -founders of behaviorism
-mental processes should be explained by observable, measurable behavior
-focus on the relationship between environmental contingencies and behavior
operant conditioning - Correct Answer -reinforcement learning
-behavior is shaped and trained through reward or punishment
Noam Chomsky - Correct Answer language development; disagreed with Skinner about language
acquisition, stated there is an infinite # of sentences in a language, humans have an inborn native ability
to develop language
-nature side of the nature vs nurture argument
Donald Broadbent - Correct Answer -discovered attention has limited capacity
-dichotic listening
cognitive psychology tenants and approach - Correct Answer -accepts scientific method laid out by
behaviorists and rejects introspection as a valid psychological method
, -but acknowledges the importance of mental states in determining behavior (contribution of the
organism - Noam Chomsky)
-facilitates the study of perception and memory, knowledge representation, numerical cognition and
language
Ulric Neisser - Correct Answer -father of cognitive psychology
-use behavior to make inferences about mental states and processes
-viewed cognitive psychology as a natural alternative to behavioral approach, which he considered
limiting
information processing - Correct Answer information -> computation/encoded for storage-> output
sensation - Correct Answer raw sensory input obtained through senses
perception - Correct Answer our brain's interpretation of sensation
experimental cognitive psychology - Correct Answer -one of the main approaches to cognitive
psychology
-approach involves experimental testing of psychological processes in humans and animal subjects
behavioral experimental approach - Correct Answer -examine behavior in a controlled laboratory study
to understand underlying mental processes
-success and failure in behavior can inform about the underlying mental processes
