2026 EXAM 1 – NURS 615 PHARM MARYVILLE ACTUAL
EXAM | COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED
CORRECT ANSWERS |ALREADY GRADED
A+|LATEST VERSION!!!
Describe the purpose of blood brain barrier
The BBB is a highly selective permeability barrier that separates the
circulating blood from the brain and extracellular fluid in the CNS.
The BBB is formed by brain endothelial cells which are connected by
tight junctions with an extremely high electrical resistivity of at least
0.1 micron. The BBB allows the passage of water, some gases, and
lipid soluble molecules by passive diffusion as well as the selective
transport molecules such as glucose and amino acids that are crucial
to neuro function.
Describe the purpose of the foetal placental barrier
the so-called placental barrier impedes certain chemicals although it
allows most fat soluble chemicals to cross. Drugs that are more water
soluble and that possess a higher molecular weight tend not to cross
the placental barrier. In addition, if a drug binds to a large molecule,
such as a blood-borne protein like albumin, it is even less likely to
come into contact with foetus.
How will renal insufficiency affect drug elimination?
The kidney is the primary organ of excretion for most drugs. General
theme of metabolism is to produce drug metabolites that are more
water soluble and more easily removed by the kidneys. The rate at
which the drug is excreted by the kidneys depends on several factors.
Renal blood flow influences the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
which is how much plasma is filtered per minute by the glomerulus.
pg. 1
,Renal excretion of drugs is typically well-characterized, what is
variable is the
level of renal function the patient.
It is common to monitor renal function in patients by the clinical
setting and to adjust dosages based on renal function. This is typically
assessed by the
serum creatinine.
Patients with poor renal function may have higher levels of drugs
secondary to
decreased excretion of metabolites.
Which medications interact with St. John's Wort?
SSRI antidepressants, warfarin, and birth control It is also known to
decrease the efficacy of HIV medications, cholesterol medications, as
well as transplant medications
Which medications interact with St. John's Wort?
St. John's Wort is a medicinal herb with antidepressant activity and
potent anti-inflammatory properties. St. John's wort has interactions
with medications such as SSRI antidepressants, warfarin, and birth
control. Combining St. John's Wort and SSRI antidepressants, could
lead to an increased serotonin level causing serotonin syndrome.
Combining estrogen containing oral contraceptives with St. John's
Wort can lead to a decreased efficacy of the contraceptive and
eventually unplanned pregnancies. It is also known to decrease the
efficacy of HIV medications, cholesterol medications, as well as
transplant medications. It should be noted however that traditional
pg. 2
, SSRI antidepressants such as fluoxetine carry similar
contraindications. Use nonjudgmental approach so they tell u what
herbs they take. Tricyclics and SJW can increase the risk for serotonin
syndrome.
What is off-label prescribing?
Off-label use is the use of pharmaceutical drugs for an unapproved
indication or an unapproved age group, dosage or route of
administration.
What factors place an infant and child at risk when prescribing
medication?
In general, there is a lack of safety and efficacy studies in the pediatric
population most medications are studied in adult populations which
because of age-related differences and medication metabolism and
mechanisms of action don't necessarily apply to pediatric populations.
Children are not just small adults. Adverse drug reactions are most
common in this age group. Kids do not have a fully mature liver and
renal function, and are at higher risk for toxicity and adverse drug
effects.
In kids, meds should be
weight based. Kids do not have a fully mature liver and renal
function, and are at higher risk for toxicity and adverse drug effects.
What ADRs are the elderly at risk of developing?
Physiologic changes in older adults increase the risk of harm for
medication metabolized by the liver and kidneys.
pg. 3
EXAM | COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED
CORRECT ANSWERS |ALREADY GRADED
A+|LATEST VERSION!!!
Describe the purpose of blood brain barrier
The BBB is a highly selective permeability barrier that separates the
circulating blood from the brain and extracellular fluid in the CNS.
The BBB is formed by brain endothelial cells which are connected by
tight junctions with an extremely high electrical resistivity of at least
0.1 micron. The BBB allows the passage of water, some gases, and
lipid soluble molecules by passive diffusion as well as the selective
transport molecules such as glucose and amino acids that are crucial
to neuro function.
Describe the purpose of the foetal placental barrier
the so-called placental barrier impedes certain chemicals although it
allows most fat soluble chemicals to cross. Drugs that are more water
soluble and that possess a higher molecular weight tend not to cross
the placental barrier. In addition, if a drug binds to a large molecule,
such as a blood-borne protein like albumin, it is even less likely to
come into contact with foetus.
How will renal insufficiency affect drug elimination?
The kidney is the primary organ of excretion for most drugs. General
theme of metabolism is to produce drug metabolites that are more
water soluble and more easily removed by the kidneys. The rate at
which the drug is excreted by the kidneys depends on several factors.
Renal blood flow influences the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
which is how much plasma is filtered per minute by the glomerulus.
pg. 1
,Renal excretion of drugs is typically well-characterized, what is
variable is the
level of renal function the patient.
It is common to monitor renal function in patients by the clinical
setting and to adjust dosages based on renal function. This is typically
assessed by the
serum creatinine.
Patients with poor renal function may have higher levels of drugs
secondary to
decreased excretion of metabolites.
Which medications interact with St. John's Wort?
SSRI antidepressants, warfarin, and birth control It is also known to
decrease the efficacy of HIV medications, cholesterol medications, as
well as transplant medications
Which medications interact with St. John's Wort?
St. John's Wort is a medicinal herb with antidepressant activity and
potent anti-inflammatory properties. St. John's wort has interactions
with medications such as SSRI antidepressants, warfarin, and birth
control. Combining St. John's Wort and SSRI antidepressants, could
lead to an increased serotonin level causing serotonin syndrome.
Combining estrogen containing oral contraceptives with St. John's
Wort can lead to a decreased efficacy of the contraceptive and
eventually unplanned pregnancies. It is also known to decrease the
efficacy of HIV medications, cholesterol medications, as well as
transplant medications. It should be noted however that traditional
pg. 2
, SSRI antidepressants such as fluoxetine carry similar
contraindications. Use nonjudgmental approach so they tell u what
herbs they take. Tricyclics and SJW can increase the risk for serotonin
syndrome.
What is off-label prescribing?
Off-label use is the use of pharmaceutical drugs for an unapproved
indication or an unapproved age group, dosage or route of
administration.
What factors place an infant and child at risk when prescribing
medication?
In general, there is a lack of safety and efficacy studies in the pediatric
population most medications are studied in adult populations which
because of age-related differences and medication metabolism and
mechanisms of action don't necessarily apply to pediatric populations.
Children are not just small adults. Adverse drug reactions are most
common in this age group. Kids do not have a fully mature liver and
renal function, and are at higher risk for toxicity and adverse drug
effects.
In kids, meds should be
weight based. Kids do not have a fully mature liver and renal
function, and are at higher risk for toxicity and adverse drug effects.
What ADRs are the elderly at risk of developing?
Physiologic changes in older adults increase the risk of harm for
medication metabolized by the liver and kidneys.
pg. 3
