ATI RN Nutrition Proctored Exam Study Set Guide with Correct Answers 2026

ATI RN Nutrition Proctored Exam Study Set Guide with Correct Answers 2026 A patient who has celiac disease should increase intake of what - -Simple carbohydrates What is an example of an incomplete protein? - -Plant proteins such as beans Lutein slows the progression of macular degeneration and is found in foods such as - Kale, spinach, collard and mustard greens If a bag of TPN runs out what should be infused until another bag becomes available? - -10% dextrose in water What kind of carbohydrate should the majority of your diet be - -Polysaccharides How much of your diet should be protein - -10% to 35% a day How much of your diet should be fat - -20% to 35% a day What is the recommended amount of cholesterol per day - -200 to 300 mg When beginning a new prescription for enteral nutrition by intermittent tube feeding how should you first initiate this feeding - -Increase the formula over the first 4 to 6 feedings until the prescribed volume is achieved What is beriberi - -A thiamine deficiency (vitamin b) What is a good source of vitamin B - -Whole grains What are some laboratory findings of acute pancreatitis - -Decreased serum calcium Increased serum glucose, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin A high fiber diet can help prevent what - -Hyperlipidemia How many calories equal a weight gain of 1 pound - -3500 What are three complications of TPN - - Diarrhea Polyuria Hypocalcemia ATI RN ATI RN How long can expressed breastmilk be stored in the refrigerator - -5 to 8 days What does a low residue diet do - -Limits the amount of stool traveling through the intestinal tract (restricts foods that increase bowel activity) What is a good food to increase zinc intake - -Ground beef patty To help prevent nausea what should a patient do when eating - -Eat foods at room temperature How many calories are there per a gram of fat - -Nine Patients who adhere to a kosher diet do eat dairy products combined with what - -Non meat products at the same meal (no shellfish or pork) What has more calcium yogurt or cheese - -Yogurt A patient with a new ileostomy should do what four things - - 1. Increase dietary salt intake 2. Increase amount of pasta and other foods that can help thicken the stool 3. Prepare meals on schedule 4. Increase dietary B12 Why should a patient with celiac disease avoid all types of processed foods - -Because they contain gluten What fruit is a high source of potassium - -Cantaloupe Chapter 7 - - How many extra calories a day should a woman in her second trimester consume - -340 How many extra calories a day should a woman in her third trimester consume - -452 During pregnancy how much protein, fat, and carbohydrates should a woman consume a day - -20% of the daily total calorie intake. Fat should be 30% and carbohydrates 50% What is the phenylketonuria diet - -Foods low in phenylalanine should be included and foods high in protein should be avoided (due to high phenylalanine) How many ounces a week should an infant gain for the first 5 to 6 months - -5 to 7 ounces When should iron fortified cereal be introduced - -4 months Cows milk should not be introduced as the diet until after how old - -One year ATI RN Breast-feeding teaching points - - How long can breastmilk be frozen for - -Up to six months Formula feeding teaching points - - New foods should be introduced to infants one at a time over a blank day period to observe for signs of allergy or intolerance - -4 to 5 What are four things that should not be introduced to the infant until after the first year - -Milk, eggs, wheat and citrus fruits How long can you store an open jar of infant food in the refrigerator - -Up to 24 hours Suggested introduction of foods - - Information on colic - - What are some foods that may cause choking or aspiration in a child - -Hot dogs, popcorn, peanuts, grapes, raw carrots, celery, peanut butter, tough meat and candy What is the appropriate serving size of foods for children - -1 tablespoon per year of age When is it appropriate to switch to skim or 1% low-fat milk - -After two years of age What should you never use food as - -Reward or punishment How much iron do adolescent males and females require - -Females: 15 mg Males: 11 mg Older adults have decreased absorption of what three nutrients - -Vitamin B 12 Folic acid Calcium Fruit juice for toddlers should be limited to how much a day - -4 to 6 ounces What are four foods that are high in iron - -Beans, fish, dairy products and red meats Chapter 8 - - What are acceptable foods on a clear liquid diet - -Water, tea, coffee, fat free broth, carbonated beverages, clear juices, ginger ale and gelatin ATI RN ATI RN ATI RN What are acceptable foods for full liquid diet - -All forms of milk, soup, strained fruits and vegetables, vegetable and fruit juices, eggnog, plain ice cream and sherbet, refined or strained cereals and puddings The soft diet is also known as the bland, low fiber diet and contains foods such as - Whole foods that are low in fiber, lightly seasoned and easily digested The mechanical soft diet includes foods that require - -Minimal chewing for swallowing such as ground meats, canned fruits and softly cooked vegetables A nurse is caring for a patient who is to receive a full liquid diet due to dysphasia. What is the highest nursing priority - -Add thickener to liquids Chapter 1 - - Thiamine is widespread in almost all plant and animal tissue and especially blank, blank and blank - -Meats, grains and legumes Riboflavin is found in what three sources - -Milk, meats and Green leafy vegetables Niacin is found in sources such as - -Beef liver, nuts, legumes, whole-grain and enriched breads and cereals Pantothenic acid, B5, found in organ meats, egg yolk, avocados, cashews, peanuts, brown rice, and what other four things - -Soy, lentils, broccoli and milk Folate is found naturally in what foods - -Liver, dark green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, whole-grain products and legumes B vitamins are generally found in - -Meat and grains Water-soluble vitamins at a glance - - Water soluble vitamins at a glance continued - - What are food sources for vitamin a - -Fish liver oil, egg yolk, butter, cream, dark yellow/orange fruits and vegetables Fat soluble vitamins at a glance - - Major minerals at a glance - - Major minerals at a glance continued - - ATI RN ATI RN What are food sources for iron - -Meat, egg yolk, whole grains and green leafy vegetables What is the minimum daily amount of water - -1500 mL What is a good source of magnesium - -Nuts How much salt should be consumed a day - -Less than 2300 mg (about 1 teaspoon) Saturated fats and cholesterol should be limited to how much a day - -Limit saturated fat to 10% of calories and cholesterol to 300 mg How much fiber should be consumed a day for men and women - -25 g for women 38 g for men Chapter 10 - - Difference between TPN and PPN - - Two medications may be added to PN solutions however administering any IV medication through a PN IV line or port is contraindicated. What are the two medications - -Heparin and insulin TPN is commonly used for patients who are undergoing treatment for cancer, bowel disorders and - -Those suffering from trauma or extensive Burns When is PPN used - -When central venous access is not available or for the transition from TPN to enteral or oral intake What is expected reference range for pre-albumin - -23 to 43 What is the reference range for albumin - -3.5 to 5 What kind of filter is required on IV tubing when administering PN solution - -Micron filter If the PN solution is unavailable what is administered to avoid hypoglycemia - -IV of dextrose 10% to 20% in water How often should the bag and tubing be changed with a central line - -Every 24 hours or per facility protocol Chapter 13 - - If a patient has dysphasia what should be avoided - -Thin liquids and sticky foods ATI RN ATI RN What kind of diet is prescribed for a patient with IBS - -Low residue, high-protein, high calorie diet with vitamin and mineral supplementation What is nutritional therapy for pancreatitis - -Low-fat, high-protein and high carbohydrate What are symptoms of dumping syndrome - -Sensation of fullness Faintness Diaphoresis Tachycardia Palpitations Hypotension Nausea Abdominal distention Cramping pain Diarrhea Weakness Syncope If a patient has Gerd how long should they wait before they lay down after eating - -Two hours or less What are symptoms of PUD - - Chapter 14 - - Pre-Stege chronic kidney disease therapeutic nutritional goals - - What are foods high in phosphorus - -Peanut butter, dried peas and beans, bran, cola, chocolate, beer and some whole grains Therapeutic nutritional goals of end-stage kidney disease - - Acute kidney injury can cause what electrolyte imbalances - -Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia What are some nutrients that may be restricted due to acute kidney injury - -Protein (unless the patient is on dialysis) Potassium Sodium Calcium (unless the patient is on dialysis) Fluids (patients daily urine output +500 ML's) Nephrotic syndrome it results in the increased excretion of serum proteins into the urine, resulting in hypoalbuminemia, edema, hyperlipidemia and blood hypercoagulation. What are the dietary recommendations for nephrotic syndrome - - ATI RN ATI RN What is the primary intervention for the treatment and prevention of kidney stones - Increasing fluid consumption Recommendation for calcium oxalate stone formation is to limit what - -Animal protein, excess sodium, alcohol and caffeine (Low potassium also may be a contributing factor in calcium stone formation) Foods high in oxalates include - -Spinach, rhubarb, beats, nuts, chocolate, tea, wheat bran and strawberries. Also megadoses of vitamin C Recommendation for prevention of uric acid stones is to limit foods high in purines, which include - -Lean meats, organ meats, whole grains and legumes Chapter 12 - - What is the expected range for LDL - -Less than 130 What is the expected range for HDL - -35 to 80 females 35 to 65 males Daily cholesterol intake should be less then - -200 mg The dietary approach to stopping hypertension (DASH) is what - -A low-sodium, high potassium, high calcium diet What fruits and vegetables are high in potassium - -Apricots, bananas, tomatoes, potatoes A person with hypertension should have a daily sodium intake of - -2400 mg or less A person with heart failure should have a daily sodium intake of - -2000 mg or less What are natural sources of vitamin B 12 - -Fish, meat, poultry, eggs, milk What are folic acid sources - -Greenleafy vegetables dried peas and beans Seeds Orange juice • Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (eyes) - -o Inc lutein (carotenoid found in vit A) foods - kale, spinach, collards, mustard greens o Inc antioxidants, vit E & B12 • Anorexia nervosa - -o Weight pt DAILY @ the same time o Stay w/ pt during and 1hr after meal (pv vomit) ATI RN ATI RN o RN sched meals o Privileges based on direct wt gain • Atorvastatin - -o Lipitor (tx high cholesterol) o Okay to take w/ OJ, coffee, milk o Contraindicated w/ grapefruit juice (cx inc serum lvl) • Braden scale - -o Very poor (1) very poor nutrition o Probably inadequate (2) ½ meals & sometimes sup o Adequate (3) 1/2 & refuses sometimes o Excellent (4) eats q meal & between meals • Breast feeding - -o No water f/ baby ONLY milk o No sup formula d/t nipple confusion o Feed on demand x8-12/day o x5min feed on each breast 1st day after birth o breast milk is all that is needed f/ 1st 6mo (nutritionally complete) o no cow's milk until 1yr o cottage cheese is a complete protein, eat when lactating o incomplete proteins - legumes, peanut butter, & whole grain cereal o storage - discard after feeding (cannot refreeze/use), store f/ 6-12mo, do not thaw in microwave • Bronchitis - -o Enteral feeding - high protein, fat, & calorie; low carbs (breakdown prod CO2) • Calcium - -o Almonds highest o Yogurt 315mg o Cheese 214mg o Egg 25mg o Spinach 122mg • Cancer - -o Sensitivity to odor ∴ dec aromatic foods to dec NV o Avoid hot foods d/t odor o Sm, freq meals q2hr o Inc citrus food, pickles, & mouth wash to prod more saliva to dec metallic taste o Inc cal & protein but not TOO high cal (cx cancer) o Eat 2.5 cups fruit to maintain wt o Exercise 150min/wk o Limit alcohol male (2) & female (1)/day o Use plastic utensils (dec metallic taste) o Inc fluid & tart f/ taste o Prevention - 4-5 servings (2.5 cups) fruits & veggies/day; limit alcohol; inc whole grain not refined; limit processed meats d/t inc sodium lvl; inc lean cuts w/out skin • Captopril - -o Limit potassium rich foods (cantaloupe) ATI RN • Carbohydrate - -o Starchy vs non-starchy veggies o 3-5 carbs/meal (45g) o portion size effects carbs o carb not r/t calorie amt • Cardiovascular - -o Inc K to dec risk HTN o Inc fiber to dec cholesterol o Dec trans FA o x2 fatty fish/wk to dec HTN o Limit alcohol & sodium • Celiac - -o No gluten (wheat, barely, rye) • Child - -o Dec choke ∴ peanut butter & celery, whole grapes, pretzels o 2y/o whole milk o 2y/o low fat milk • Crohn's Disease - -o Dec fiber, lactose, fructose o Eat eggs (easily digest & high protein) • Cirrhosis + ascites - -o Limit sodium intake 2000mg / 2g o Limit fluids to 1.5L o 0.8-1.2g/kg protein pv malnutrition o consume vit K d/t dec prothrombin prod by liver ∴ @ risk clots • Cleft lip - -o Feed upright o Nipple to side of mouth to pv enter nasal passage • Colostomy - -o cx loose stool ∴ thicken w/ pectin o return regular diet 6 wk post op o fiber w/ cx obstruction • Constipation - -o Inc Ca dec peristalsis • COPD - -o 6 sm meals/day o drinks w/ inc protein/cal between meal o add gravy/sauce to pv dry mouth o soft diet will dec SOB w/ chew • DASH diet - -o Dec Na to 135-145mEq/L o Glucose 70-110mg/dL o Total cholesterol 200mg/dL • Dehydration - -o Cont infusion enteral feeding to pv high carb load w/ each IM feed ATI RN ATI RN ATI RN • Diabetes mellitus - -o Goal HgbA1c 7% - shows avg glucse lvl over past few mo ∴ 7% = not follow diet & avg high sugar lvl • Dumping syndrome - -o Drink liquid to slow movement o Complex carbs better than simple o Not associate w/ fat or protein content of food o Lie down after eat to slow food movement via GI o Dec fiber to slow gastric emptying • Dysphagia - -o Palpate throat during swallow o High fowler 90 degrees o Assess food pockets o Allow rest b4 meal o Do not hyper extend neck o Neck to chest to pv aspiration o S/s - painful swallow, change in voice o @ risk if drool o do not drink via straw o place food on unaffected side of mouth o limit disruptions during eating o take sm bites o mechanical soft diet - fruits & veggies easy to chew, thickener f/ liquids, altered texture (mashed potatoes) • Electrolyte imbalance - -o Dec sodium - confusion, headache, N, dizzy, abd cramp o Inc sodium - confusion, thirst, weakness o Inc phos = dec Ca - numb/tingle, tetany o Dec K - irregular HR, muscle weak, leg cramp, anorexia o Inc K - VD, dysrhythmias, muscle weak o Dec Cl - lack of emotion, anorexia, muscle cramp o Inc Cl - V • End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) - -o Limit potassium intake d/t dec kidney excretion of K • Enteral (w/in GI) tube feed - -o Place in fowlers position o Verify tube placement o Check residual o Flush w/ 30mL water o Admin @ room temp; cold induce cramp/D o Admin @ full strength o Bolus IM feeding over 15-30min o IM feeding over 30-60min o Promote tolerance - inc vol each feeding f/ 1st 4-6hr o Discard open cans in 24hr o Feed in sm, freq ATI RN ATI RN o Switch to high cal to pv D o Dec abd distention risk to pv aspiration - ambulate, turn pt on R side (inc GI movement), avoid inc rat, switch to low fat formula (NOT high fat) o If tube clogs switch to less cal dense formula o Tube feeding stops - flush 30-50mL warm water to re-establish flow o Pv aspration w/ monitor gastric residuals q4hr, HOB 30-45 degrees, check tube placement w/ xray once @ beginning o Maintain patency by flushing 30-50mL water b4 & after Rx o Dec D - low fat formula, cont feed, warm b4 admin, dec rate to inc abs • Failure to thrive (toddler) - -o Dec distraction during feeding o Cont feed regardless of behavior o Limit fruit juice 4oz/day o Schedule meals @ same time each day o Maintain unhurried meal time 20-30min inc positive eat habit • Fasting RN ?s - -o Exempt f/ fast during illness o Fasting mean no liquids o Fasting certain hours of day o Fasting only apply to certain type(s) food • Female dec risk HTN - -o Low fat milk o 4-5 servings unsalted nuts o =1 alcohol/day • Ferrous sulfate (iron) - -o Take between meals w/ JUICE o Dec abs w/ eggs, milk, caffeine o Do not take w/ Ca sup d/t dec abs Fe o Inc abs w/ vit C (tomato / orange juice) • Fiber - -o Bran cereal 8.8g o Apple w/ skin 3.3g o Banana 3g o Oatmeal 2g o Replace meat entreee w/ main dish peas/beans o Add 2tbs or ¼ cup brain o Leave skin on when eating fruit o Inc fluid intake w/ inc fiber intake • Fluid Overload - -o Dilutional hyponatremia 135mEq/dL o Decreased Hct male 42-52% & female 37-47% o Decreased urine specific gravity 1.005-1.030 o Decreased albumin 3.5-5g/dL • Folate - -o Liver 770 mcg o Chickpeas 141mcg ATI RN o Orange 47mcg o White bread 47mcg • Gastric bypass - -o 3 meals & 2 snacks/day - limit portion o begin each meal w/ protein 60-120g/day o eat slowly & stop when feel full • Gero - -o Req less cal d/t dec metabolism o Req inc protein d/t inc strength, immune func, heal o Protein intake 20-25% of cal intake o Ca sup w/ meal (inc abs) to maintain healthy bones o Vit D sup d/t dec ability to activate it ∴ @ risk dec Ca level • Glycemic index - -o Potato - 90 o Corn - 60 o Macaroni - 45 o Peanuts - 14 • Gout - -o Dec purine foods (organ meats & seafood) • HIV - -o Infc s/t HIV tx w/ inc nutrition d/t inc metabolic rate • Hyperkalemia - -o Cx V • Hyperglycemia - -o Abd cramps, NV, acetone breath, rapid shallow RR (kussmaul), polydipsia, vomiting, ketonuria • Hypoglycemia - -o s/s diaphoresis, irritability, tremors, tachycardia, hunger • Hyperlipidemia - -o 3g fat f/ cheese o limit egg+yolk to 2-3/wk o 90% lean beef o limit meat to 5oz/day • Hypermagnesium - -o Cx D & cramp • Ileostomy - -o Inc Na to inc fluid retention to combat fluid loss o Inc pasta/thickening agents o Prep meals on schedule to promote reg BM o B12 necessary to pv anemia • Infec (dec risk w/ chemo) - -o Thaw food in fridge, not room temp o Discard leftover after 3-4days o Eat canned goods w/in 1 yr o Cook canned good f/ 10min b4 eat o Heat food 140 degrees ATI RN ATI RN ATI RN • Inflammatory bowel disease - -o Hydrolyzed formula - protein in simplest form for simple digestion o NOT polymeric, milk-based, modular formula • Irritable Bowel Syndrome - -o Dec High fructose o Inc probiotics o Peppermint oil f/ exacerbations o Glucose is better than fructose (honey) • Kosher - -o No pork/shell fish o No combine meat + milk o Can eat meat & milk separate of each other • Lactose intolerance - -o Flatulence, bloating, cramping • Lipid panel - -o Niacin dec LDL & triglycerides o Total cholesterol 200mg/dL o HDL male 45mg/dL & female 55mg/dL o LDL 100mg/dL o Triglycerides 150mg/dL • Low residue - -o No whole gains, fatty meats, high fiber, fruits w/ seeds o Eggs & banana are low residue menu options • Malnutrition - -o Dec albumin (3.5-5g/dL) = dec protein & dec wound heal o 1.5K cal f/ proper wound heal o s/s dry skin, ankle edema (low protein), dec reflex, weak grip, dry eyes • MAOI Rx - -o Tyramine cx HTN crisis (inc BP, headache, sweating) o Cheese has tyramine • Mucositis (cancer tx breaks down GI lining) - -o Inc fluid intake f/ hydration & peristalsis • Nifedipine - -o Ca channel blocker o No grapefruit juice d/t inc Rx lvl & inc risk AE • Nutrient dense - -o Pasta w/ red is better than white o No sweet yogurt o Canned pinto better than refried o Canadian bacon is better than sausage f/ protein • Obese - -o 1st tx is 24 diet recall • Osteomalacia - -o 20mcg vit D sup daily ATI RN ATI RN o inc antioxidant foods (vit C, E, & beta-carotene) dec free radicals o 15mg vit E f/ antioxidant • Pancreatitis - -o Dec Ca o Inc bilirubin o Inc glucose (d/t dec insulin prod by pancreas) o Inc Alk Phos • Parkinson's Disease - -o Inc metabolic rate (muscle spasms) ∴ inc cal need o Drooling inc risk dysphagia/aspiration o Levodopa-carbidopa abs dec w/ protein intake ∴ consume w/ low protein (wheat bread) o High protein - yogurt, cheese, peanut butter crackers • Preggo - -o Vegetarian diet okay o Inc protein o Inc iron (30mg sup) o Dec fat/sat fat o Norm wt gain 25-35lb w/ norm BMI o 11-20lb wt gaim w/ abnorm BMI o dec morning sickness - drink/eat separate to dec abd distention, eat carbs to rais sugar quickly & dec N (eat cereal b4 get out of bed), dec fat (inc fat cx delay gastric empty & inc N), no caffeine (l/t heartburn) o Dec constipation - drink 240mL water/day, inc fiber, exercise regularly o Dec NV - eat sm amt food freq • Ramadan - -o Only eat during nighttime hours (after sunset) & before dawn o Caffeine prohibited @ any time o Drinks consumed after meals (not with) • Solid food w/ 4mo - -o 1-2tsp @ each feeding o majority of cal f/ milk o fruit juice starts @ 6mo (limit to 4oz/120mL) o start new food q 4-7days - monitory f/ allergy • Somogyi phenomenon - -o Fasting hyperglycemia that occur in morn d/t hypoglycemia @ night o Monitor by check glucose during night • Stomatitis - -o Food @ room temp to dec irritation o Avoid acidity, citrus, spicy, salty o Drink high cal/protein meal substitutes • Stress management - -o exercise ATI RN • Total parenteral nutrition (banana bag) - -o PO must be 60% total cal b4 TPN can be D/C o Must maintain consistent rate o Infuse dextrose 10/20 until next bag arrive d/t high sugar concentration - avoid hypoglycemia o Do not abruptly stop d/t metabolic comp o TPN effective w/ prealbumin 19-38mg/dL o Lipid emulsions made of egg phospholipid ∴ monitor egg allergy • Vegetarian - - o Low fat cheese f/ protein sup o Low vit b12 d/t lack of animal meat ∴ may req sup o Dec fat rather than cal o Nutrient dense food to avoid protein breakdown f/ energy o x2 servings nuts/flaxseed per day f/ omega 3 FA • Vision - -o Vit A • Warfarin - -o Limit foods rich in vit K (green leafy veggies) • Wt management - -o Do not taste food during prep o Portion b4 excluding food o 3-5 meal/day ∴ do not skip o make a list b4 grocery shop o limit sodium to 1500mg/day o lose wt @ ½ to 1lb/week o egg yoly x3/week or o restric meat to 5oz/day (deck of cards) o cheese 3g fat/serving o butter 2g saturated fat/tbs • Zinc diet - -o BEEF, pinto beans ATI RN