CLINICAL NEUROANATOMY
MADE RIDICULOUSLY SIMPLE
6TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)STEPHEN
GOLDBERG, M.D.
TEST BANK
1) Reference
Ch. 1 — General Organization — CNS vs PNS
Clinical/Applied Stem
A patient with a spinal cord injury asks why numbness below
the waist is different from the tingling in the hands that began
after a wrist laceration. You explain that one problem involves
structures within the central nervous system, while the other
involves nerves outside it. Which pairing is correct?
,Options
A. Spinal cord = PNS; wrist nerves = CNS
B. Spinal cord = CNS; wrist nerves = PNS
C. Both are CNS structures
D. Both are PNS structures
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
Correct Answer: The spinal cord is part of the central
nervous system (CNS), while peripheral nerves in the wrist are
part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This distinction is
fundamental because CNS injuries behave differently from
peripheral nerve injuries in terms of regeneration and
localization.
A: Reverses the basic anatomic division. The spinal cord is
not peripheral.
C: The wrist nerves are not within the CNS.
D: The spinal cord is not part of the PNS.
Teaching Point
Spinal cord and brain = CNS; peripheral nerves = PNS.
Citation
Goldberg, S. (2022). Clinical Neuroanatomy Made Ridiculously
Simple (6th ed.). Ch. 1.
,2) Reference
Ch. 1 — General Organization — Afferent vs Efferent
Clinical/Applied Stem
A patient steps on a nail and immediately feels sharp pain in the
foot. The signal travels toward the spinal cord so the brain can
perceive the injury. Which type of neuron carried this
information?
Options
A. Efferent motor neuron
B. Afferent sensory neuron
C. Interneuron only
D. Preganglionic autonomic neuron
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
Correct Answer: Afferent sensory neurons carry
information from the body toward the CNS. Pain from the foot
is a sensory signal entering the nervous system through afferent
pathways.
A: Efferent neurons carry commands away from the CNS to
muscles or glands.
C: Interneurons process signals inside the CNS but do not
carry the initial peripheral pain input.
D: Autonomic neurons control visceral function, not
conscious cutaneous pain transmission.
, Teaching Point
Afferent = arrives; efferent = exits.
Citation
Goldberg, S. (2022). Clinical Neuroanatomy Made Ridiculously
Simple (6th ed.). Ch. 1.
3) Reference
Ch. 1 — General Organization — Gray Matter vs White Matter
Clinical/Applied Stem
A neurologic specimen shows a region rich in neuron cell bodies
surrounded by myelinated tracts that connect different parts of
the nervous system. Which statement best describes the
organization?
Options
A. Gray matter contains myelinated axons
B. White matter contains most neuron cell bodies
C. Gray matter contains neuron cell bodies and synapses
D. White matter and gray matter are interchangeable terms
Correct Answer
C
Rationales
Correct Answer: Gray matter contains neuron cell bodies,
dendrites, and synapses, while white matter consists primarily
of myelinated axons. This structural distinction helps explain
MADE RIDICULOUSLY SIMPLE
6TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)STEPHEN
GOLDBERG, M.D.
TEST BANK
1) Reference
Ch. 1 — General Organization — CNS vs PNS
Clinical/Applied Stem
A patient with a spinal cord injury asks why numbness below
the waist is different from the tingling in the hands that began
after a wrist laceration. You explain that one problem involves
structures within the central nervous system, while the other
involves nerves outside it. Which pairing is correct?
,Options
A. Spinal cord = PNS; wrist nerves = CNS
B. Spinal cord = CNS; wrist nerves = PNS
C. Both are CNS structures
D. Both are PNS structures
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
Correct Answer: The spinal cord is part of the central
nervous system (CNS), while peripheral nerves in the wrist are
part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This distinction is
fundamental because CNS injuries behave differently from
peripheral nerve injuries in terms of regeneration and
localization.
A: Reverses the basic anatomic division. The spinal cord is
not peripheral.
C: The wrist nerves are not within the CNS.
D: The spinal cord is not part of the PNS.
Teaching Point
Spinal cord and brain = CNS; peripheral nerves = PNS.
Citation
Goldberg, S. (2022). Clinical Neuroanatomy Made Ridiculously
Simple (6th ed.). Ch. 1.
,2) Reference
Ch. 1 — General Organization — Afferent vs Efferent
Clinical/Applied Stem
A patient steps on a nail and immediately feels sharp pain in the
foot. The signal travels toward the spinal cord so the brain can
perceive the injury. Which type of neuron carried this
information?
Options
A. Efferent motor neuron
B. Afferent sensory neuron
C. Interneuron only
D. Preganglionic autonomic neuron
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
Correct Answer: Afferent sensory neurons carry
information from the body toward the CNS. Pain from the foot
is a sensory signal entering the nervous system through afferent
pathways.
A: Efferent neurons carry commands away from the CNS to
muscles or glands.
C: Interneurons process signals inside the CNS but do not
carry the initial peripheral pain input.
D: Autonomic neurons control visceral function, not
conscious cutaneous pain transmission.
, Teaching Point
Afferent = arrives; efferent = exits.
Citation
Goldberg, S. (2022). Clinical Neuroanatomy Made Ridiculously
Simple (6th ed.). Ch. 1.
3) Reference
Ch. 1 — General Organization — Gray Matter vs White Matter
Clinical/Applied Stem
A neurologic specimen shows a region rich in neuron cell bodies
surrounded by myelinated tracts that connect different parts of
the nervous system. Which statement best describes the
organization?
Options
A. Gray matter contains myelinated axons
B. White matter contains most neuron cell bodies
C. Gray matter contains neuron cell bodies and synapses
D. White matter and gray matter are interchangeable terms
Correct Answer
C
Rationales
Correct Answer: Gray matter contains neuron cell bodies,
dendrites, and synapses, while white matter consists primarily
of myelinated axons. This structural distinction helps explain
