1
TCRN - Neuro
Mannitol - Correct answer- Treats cerebral edema, pulls
fluid from interstitial space. Most effective with managing
vasogenic edema.
Cerebral edema - Correct answer- Cytotoxic - result of
hypoxia or anoxic injuries.
Vasogenic - swelling or extra fluid in interstitial space
result of trauma
Basilar skull fracture - Correct answer- May result in CSF
leak
Halo test - yellow ring around drainage - more reliable
than testing for glucose . Beta 2 transferrin to lab is gold
standard as some false positives with halo test.
+Raccoon eyes and battles sign
Subdural Hematoma (SDH) - Correct answer- Brain
hemorrhage - May be slower due to venous involvement.
1
, 2
Chronic - elderly, alcoholics, dementia d/t cortical atrophy
and more space for blood to accumulate before increase
in ICP
Epidural Hematoma (EDH) - Correct answer- Brain
hemorrhage - usually laceration of artery (middle
meningeal most common) usually expands rapidly
Lucid period
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) - Correct answer- Brain
hemorrhage - tearing of pliable veins causing bleeding
into this space (does NOT usually result in vasospasms in
trauma as does in aneurysm)
Secondary injuries following TBI - Correct answer-
Hypotension and hypoxia
Pneumocephalus - Correct answer- Air present in
cranium. Treatment is O2 administration
MTBI /concussion - Correct answer- GCS 13-15
Change in LOC - Correct answer- Most sensitive indicator
of increased ICP
2
TCRN - Neuro
Mannitol - Correct answer- Treats cerebral edema, pulls
fluid from interstitial space. Most effective with managing
vasogenic edema.
Cerebral edema - Correct answer- Cytotoxic - result of
hypoxia or anoxic injuries.
Vasogenic - swelling or extra fluid in interstitial space
result of trauma
Basilar skull fracture - Correct answer- May result in CSF
leak
Halo test - yellow ring around drainage - more reliable
than testing for glucose . Beta 2 transferrin to lab is gold
standard as some false positives with halo test.
+Raccoon eyes and battles sign
Subdural Hematoma (SDH) - Correct answer- Brain
hemorrhage - May be slower due to venous involvement.
1
, 2
Chronic - elderly, alcoholics, dementia d/t cortical atrophy
and more space for blood to accumulate before increase
in ICP
Epidural Hematoma (EDH) - Correct answer- Brain
hemorrhage - usually laceration of artery (middle
meningeal most common) usually expands rapidly
Lucid period
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) - Correct answer- Brain
hemorrhage - tearing of pliable veins causing bleeding
into this space (does NOT usually result in vasospasms in
trauma as does in aneurysm)
Secondary injuries following TBI - Correct answer-
Hypotension and hypoxia
Pneumocephalus - Correct answer- Air present in
cranium. Treatment is O2 administration
MTBI /concussion - Correct answer- GCS 13-15
Change in LOC - Correct answer- Most sensitive indicator
of increased ICP
2
