ATI GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE 2026
FULL QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS AND RATIONALES GRADED A+
⩥ Peptic ulcers. Answer: Erosive lesions that occur in the stomach and
duodenum
⩥ Ulcers occur. Answer: When the balance between gastric acid and
protective mucus is disturbed, and gastric acid can penetrate he
protective layer of mucus.
A factor that contributes to this imbalance is infection with H. pylori
⩥ Histamiine H2 Antagonists. Answer: Treat gastric and duodenal
ulcers, heartburn and dyspepsia, gastrointestinal reflux disease(GERD),
and aspiration pneumonitis
Also treat hypersecretory disorders such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
which causes increased production of gastin and systmatic mastocytosis
which increases histamine
⩥ Prototype drug for Histamine H2 Antagonists. Answer: cimetidine aka
Tagamet
Other drugs include famotidine(Pepcid) andnizatidine (Axid)
,⩥ Histamine H2 antagonists. Answer: Block histamine receptors in the
stomach that are responsible for the secretion of stomach acid. They
block receptors located on the parietal cells in the stomach, decreasing
stomach acid and increase pH of stomach acid
⩥ Administration of H2 antagonists. Answer: oral, IM or IV
⩥ Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI). Answer: Prevent and treat gastric and
duodenal ulcers, prolonged dyspepsia, GERD, erosive esophagitis and
hypersecretory disorders such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and
systemic mastocytosis
⩥ PPI Prototype. Answer: Omeprazole (prilosec) Also
pantoprazole(protonix), lansoprazole(Prevacid) and
esomeprazole(Nexium)
⩥ PPI's inhibit hydrogen potassium ATPase enzyme system in the
parietal cells of the stomach. Inhibiting this enzyme system suppresses
gastric acid production, both the basal rate the stomach produces and
extra acid it produces secondary to the ingestion of food. Answer:
⩥ Mucosal Protectants. Answer: Treat acute duodenal ulcers
Sucralfate(Carafate)
, ⩥ Sucralfate(Carafate)Pharmacologic Action. Answer: Causes a
chemical reaction to occur in the stomach, creating a gel that coats ulcers
and creates a barrier between the stomach and gastric secretions
⩥ Antacids. Answer: Used to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD), GERD
⩥ Prototype for antacids. Answer: aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel)
2 other types of antacids are magnesium based and calcium based
antacids.
Mag-based=magnesium hydroxide (milk of mag)
Calcium-based antacid (TUMS)
Magnesium and aluminum hydroxide (Magaldrate)
⩥ Prostaglandin E Analog. Answer: Misoprostol
Treat gastric ulcers that result from long term use of NSAIDS
⩥ Antiemetics. Answer: Treat nausea and vomiting
⩥ Classifications. Answer:
⩥ Serotonin Antagonists. Answer: Used to treat nausea and vomiting
that occurs secondary to chemo and radiation and post op
Zofran (ondansetron)
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE 2026
FULL QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS AND RATIONALES GRADED A+
⩥ Peptic ulcers. Answer: Erosive lesions that occur in the stomach and
duodenum
⩥ Ulcers occur. Answer: When the balance between gastric acid and
protective mucus is disturbed, and gastric acid can penetrate he
protective layer of mucus.
A factor that contributes to this imbalance is infection with H. pylori
⩥ Histamiine H2 Antagonists. Answer: Treat gastric and duodenal
ulcers, heartburn and dyspepsia, gastrointestinal reflux disease(GERD),
and aspiration pneumonitis
Also treat hypersecretory disorders such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
which causes increased production of gastin and systmatic mastocytosis
which increases histamine
⩥ Prototype drug for Histamine H2 Antagonists. Answer: cimetidine aka
Tagamet
Other drugs include famotidine(Pepcid) andnizatidine (Axid)
,⩥ Histamine H2 antagonists. Answer: Block histamine receptors in the
stomach that are responsible for the secretion of stomach acid. They
block receptors located on the parietal cells in the stomach, decreasing
stomach acid and increase pH of stomach acid
⩥ Administration of H2 antagonists. Answer: oral, IM or IV
⩥ Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI). Answer: Prevent and treat gastric and
duodenal ulcers, prolonged dyspepsia, GERD, erosive esophagitis and
hypersecretory disorders such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and
systemic mastocytosis
⩥ PPI Prototype. Answer: Omeprazole (prilosec) Also
pantoprazole(protonix), lansoprazole(Prevacid) and
esomeprazole(Nexium)
⩥ PPI's inhibit hydrogen potassium ATPase enzyme system in the
parietal cells of the stomach. Inhibiting this enzyme system suppresses
gastric acid production, both the basal rate the stomach produces and
extra acid it produces secondary to the ingestion of food. Answer:
⩥ Mucosal Protectants. Answer: Treat acute duodenal ulcers
Sucralfate(Carafate)
, ⩥ Sucralfate(Carafate)Pharmacologic Action. Answer: Causes a
chemical reaction to occur in the stomach, creating a gel that coats ulcers
and creates a barrier between the stomach and gastric secretions
⩥ Antacids. Answer: Used to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD), GERD
⩥ Prototype for antacids. Answer: aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel)
2 other types of antacids are magnesium based and calcium based
antacids.
Mag-based=magnesium hydroxide (milk of mag)
Calcium-based antacid (TUMS)
Magnesium and aluminum hydroxide (Magaldrate)
⩥ Prostaglandin E Analog. Answer: Misoprostol
Treat gastric ulcers that result from long term use of NSAIDS
⩥ Antiemetics. Answer: Treat nausea and vomiting
⩥ Classifications. Answer:
⩥ Serotonin Antagonists. Answer: Used to treat nausea and vomiting
that occurs secondary to chemo and radiation and post op
Zofran (ondansetron)
