AACN AGACNP boards material
review Questions and Answers 100%
Verified 2026
PericarditisM-MAnswerMOftenMpresentMw/MfrictionMrub,MsharpMCPMw/Minspiration,Mlow-
gradeMfever,MmuffledMheartMtones,Mhypotension.MTxMw/Mcolchicine.
PulmonaryMedemaM-
MAnswerMPink/frothyMsputum.MTachypnea,Mdyspnea,Mb/lMwheeze.MCXRMshowsMalveolarMi
nfiltrates,MkerleyMBMlines,MandMpleuralMeffusions.
CardiacMtamponadeM-
MAnswerMBecksMTriad=MmuffledMtones,MJVD,MHoTN.MNarrowMpulseMpressure.MLowMC.O.,
MlowMBP,Mtachy,MhighMRR,MJVD,MpulsusMparadoxus.
DiagnoseMw/MEcho
CPGsMforMhypertensiveMurgencyMBPMreductionM-MAnswerM10-
25%MinMtheM1stMhour,MthenM160/100MwithinM6h,MthenMtoMnormalMoverMnextM24h.
SeptalMMIM-MAnswerMV1,MV2
LAD
AnteriorMMIM-MAnswerMV3,MV4
LAD
Inferior/posteriorMMIM-MAnswerMII,MIII,MaVF
RCA
LateralMMIM-MAnswerMI,MaVL,MV5,MV6
Circumflex
EndocarditisM-MAnswerMEchoMshowsMvegetation,Mabscess,MorMvalveMdysfunction.MTxMABX
,PulsusMparadoxusM-MAnswerMFallMinMSBPM>10MmmHgMduringMinspiration
S4MgallopM-MAnswerMCommonMinMaorticMstenosis
A-FIbMablationM-MAnswerM>90%MpulmonaryMveins.MAnticoagsMforM2-3MmonthsMfollowing.
NYHAMHFMClassificationM-MAnswerMStagesMofMHF:
ClassMIM(mild):MnoMsx,MnoMlimitations
ClassMIIM(mild):MnoMsxM@Mrest,MslightMlimitation,MordinaryMactivityMleadsMtoMsx
ClassMIIIM(moderate):MnoMsxM@Mrest,MmarkedMlimitationMw/MphysicalMactivity,MlessMtha
nMordinaryMactivityMresultsMinMsx
ClassMIVM(severe):MsxM@Mrest,MunableMtoMdoManyMphysicalMactivityMw/oMdiscomfort
NitroglycerinM-MAnswerMVasodilator,McausesMhypotension,MHA.
AHAMguidelineMstatinMtherapyM-MAnswerMAgeM40-
75Mw/MDMMandMLDLM>/=M70MshouldMgetMmoderateMtoMhighMintensityMstatinMtherapy
HyperkalemiaMECGMchangesM-MAnswerM•MTall/peakedMTMwave
•MProlongedMPR
•MSTMdepression
•MWideMQRS
•MLossMofMPMwave
•MV-FIb
•MVentricularMstandstill
CommonMcomplicationMofMcarotidMendarterectomyM-
MAnswerMHypoglossalMnerveMdamage,MtongueMdeviationMipsilateralMsideMofMsurgery.
,CommonMrhythmMw/MTOFM-MAnswerMV-Tach
StatinMsideMeffectM-
MAnswerMCausesMpainfulMmuscleMspasmsM2/2MskeletalMmuscleMbreakdown,MincreasedMC
KMlevels.
ACSMmedicationsM-
MAnswerMAspirinM1stM(antiplatelet),MnitroglycerinMforMischemia,MbetaMblockerMtoMreduce
McardiacMworkloadMbyMreducingMHR.
CardiacMresynchronizationMtherapyM-
MAnswerMUsesM3MleadsM(RA,MRV,MLV)MtoMimproveMventricularMfillingMandMcardiacMout
put.
ClopidogrelM(Plavix)M-MAnswerMAntiplatelet;
LoadingMdoseM300Mmg,MthenM75MmgMdaily
DigoxinMtoxicityM-MAnswerMBrady,MPVCs,MLBBB.M
*DiltiazemMknownMtoMincreaseMdigoxinMlevels,MworseningMtoxicity.MTx=Mdigibind.
SVTM-MAnswerMtachyM100-
300Mbpm,MgenerallyMnarrowMQRSMcomplexes,MandMPMwaveMoftenMburiedMinMorMafter
MtheMQRSMcomplex.
PosturalMorthostaticMtachycardiaMsyndromeM(POTS)M-
MAnswerMUsuallyMtriggeredMlyingMtoMstanding.MSx=Mlightheadedness,Mfainting,MandMrapid
MHR.M
Tx=MincreaseMNa+MandMfluids,MaddMbetaMblocker.
TargetMTempMManagementM(TTM)M-
MAnswerMReduceMmortalityMandMimproveMneurologicalMoutcomesMinMunresponsiveMpatie
ntsMwhoMachieveMROSCMafterMcardiacMarrest.
Contraindications;MhemorrhagicMstroke,MGCSM>M8,MuncontrolledMbleeding,MuncontrolledMh
emodynamicallyMunstableMrhythms,MandMcardiacMarrestMdueMtoMtrauma.
, PulmonaryMEmbolismM-
MAnswerMCP,Mdyspnea,Mtachycardia,Mtachypnea,Mhemoptysis.MTrop/BNPMoftenMelevatedM
2/2MRMheartMstrain.MCTPAMgoldMstandardMdiagnostic.MTxMw/MHepMgtt,MunlessMthrombe
ctomyMorMtPA.
PulmonaryMHTNM-
MAnswerMDyspnea,MECG=MRMaxisMdeviation,MRVMhypertrophy,MtricuspidMregurg.MDiagnos
eMw/MRMheartMcath.
CommunityMacquiredMPNAM(CAP)M-
MAnswerMStreptMpneumoniaeMlikelyMpathogen.MOralMamoxicillinM+MmacrolideMieMazithro
mycin.
HospitalMacquiredMPNAM(HAP)M-
MAnswerM48MhrsMafterMadmission.MStrept/StaphM(MSSA/MRSA)MandMpseudomonasMpatho
gens.MSputumMculture,MbroadMspec-MZosynM&MVancM(MRSAMcoverage)
VentilatorMacquiredMPNAM(VAP)M-MAnswerM48MhrsMafterMintubation.
Tx:MVanc/ZosynM+MLinezolid
AcuteMasthmaM-
MAnswerMMagMsulfateMforMsevereMacuteMexaccMtoMimproveMairflow.MDehydrationM2/2M
highMRRMinMstatusMasthmaticus.
VentMweanMcriteriaM-MAnswerMFiO2M</=0.5
PEEPM</M=M8
RRM<M30
minMventM<M10ML/min.
EmpyemaM-
MAnswerMAccumulationMofMpurulentMmaterialMinMpleuralMspace.MCTM=MwellMdefinedMflu
idMaccumulationMoftenMdisplacingMlungMparenchyma.MTxM=MculturesMviaMblood/thoracent,
MdrainageMCT,MABX.
review Questions and Answers 100%
Verified 2026
PericarditisM-MAnswerMOftenMpresentMw/MfrictionMrub,MsharpMCPMw/Minspiration,Mlow-
gradeMfever,MmuffledMheartMtones,Mhypotension.MTxMw/Mcolchicine.
PulmonaryMedemaM-
MAnswerMPink/frothyMsputum.MTachypnea,Mdyspnea,Mb/lMwheeze.MCXRMshowsMalveolarMi
nfiltrates,MkerleyMBMlines,MandMpleuralMeffusions.
CardiacMtamponadeM-
MAnswerMBecksMTriad=MmuffledMtones,MJVD,MHoTN.MNarrowMpulseMpressure.MLowMC.O.,
MlowMBP,Mtachy,MhighMRR,MJVD,MpulsusMparadoxus.
DiagnoseMw/MEcho
CPGsMforMhypertensiveMurgencyMBPMreductionM-MAnswerM10-
25%MinMtheM1stMhour,MthenM160/100MwithinM6h,MthenMtoMnormalMoverMnextM24h.
SeptalMMIM-MAnswerMV1,MV2
LAD
AnteriorMMIM-MAnswerMV3,MV4
LAD
Inferior/posteriorMMIM-MAnswerMII,MIII,MaVF
RCA
LateralMMIM-MAnswerMI,MaVL,MV5,MV6
Circumflex
EndocarditisM-MAnswerMEchoMshowsMvegetation,Mabscess,MorMvalveMdysfunction.MTxMABX
,PulsusMparadoxusM-MAnswerMFallMinMSBPM>10MmmHgMduringMinspiration
S4MgallopM-MAnswerMCommonMinMaorticMstenosis
A-FIbMablationM-MAnswerM>90%MpulmonaryMveins.MAnticoagsMforM2-3MmonthsMfollowing.
NYHAMHFMClassificationM-MAnswerMStagesMofMHF:
ClassMIM(mild):MnoMsx,MnoMlimitations
ClassMIIM(mild):MnoMsxM@Mrest,MslightMlimitation,MordinaryMactivityMleadsMtoMsx
ClassMIIIM(moderate):MnoMsxM@Mrest,MmarkedMlimitationMw/MphysicalMactivity,MlessMtha
nMordinaryMactivityMresultsMinMsx
ClassMIVM(severe):MsxM@Mrest,MunableMtoMdoManyMphysicalMactivityMw/oMdiscomfort
NitroglycerinM-MAnswerMVasodilator,McausesMhypotension,MHA.
AHAMguidelineMstatinMtherapyM-MAnswerMAgeM40-
75Mw/MDMMandMLDLM>/=M70MshouldMgetMmoderateMtoMhighMintensityMstatinMtherapy
HyperkalemiaMECGMchangesM-MAnswerM•MTall/peakedMTMwave
•MProlongedMPR
•MSTMdepression
•MWideMQRS
•MLossMofMPMwave
•MV-FIb
•MVentricularMstandstill
CommonMcomplicationMofMcarotidMendarterectomyM-
MAnswerMHypoglossalMnerveMdamage,MtongueMdeviationMipsilateralMsideMofMsurgery.
,CommonMrhythmMw/MTOFM-MAnswerMV-Tach
StatinMsideMeffectM-
MAnswerMCausesMpainfulMmuscleMspasmsM2/2MskeletalMmuscleMbreakdown,MincreasedMC
KMlevels.
ACSMmedicationsM-
MAnswerMAspirinM1stM(antiplatelet),MnitroglycerinMforMischemia,MbetaMblockerMtoMreduce
McardiacMworkloadMbyMreducingMHR.
CardiacMresynchronizationMtherapyM-
MAnswerMUsesM3MleadsM(RA,MRV,MLV)MtoMimproveMventricularMfillingMandMcardiacMout
put.
ClopidogrelM(Plavix)M-MAnswerMAntiplatelet;
LoadingMdoseM300Mmg,MthenM75MmgMdaily
DigoxinMtoxicityM-MAnswerMBrady,MPVCs,MLBBB.M
*DiltiazemMknownMtoMincreaseMdigoxinMlevels,MworseningMtoxicity.MTx=Mdigibind.
SVTM-MAnswerMtachyM100-
300Mbpm,MgenerallyMnarrowMQRSMcomplexes,MandMPMwaveMoftenMburiedMinMorMafter
MtheMQRSMcomplex.
PosturalMorthostaticMtachycardiaMsyndromeM(POTS)M-
MAnswerMUsuallyMtriggeredMlyingMtoMstanding.MSx=Mlightheadedness,Mfainting,MandMrapid
MHR.M
Tx=MincreaseMNa+MandMfluids,MaddMbetaMblocker.
TargetMTempMManagementM(TTM)M-
MAnswerMReduceMmortalityMandMimproveMneurologicalMoutcomesMinMunresponsiveMpatie
ntsMwhoMachieveMROSCMafterMcardiacMarrest.
Contraindications;MhemorrhagicMstroke,MGCSM>M8,MuncontrolledMbleeding,MuncontrolledMh
emodynamicallyMunstableMrhythms,MandMcardiacMarrestMdueMtoMtrauma.
, PulmonaryMEmbolismM-
MAnswerMCP,Mdyspnea,Mtachycardia,Mtachypnea,Mhemoptysis.MTrop/BNPMoftenMelevatedM
2/2MRMheartMstrain.MCTPAMgoldMstandardMdiagnostic.MTxMw/MHepMgtt,MunlessMthrombe
ctomyMorMtPA.
PulmonaryMHTNM-
MAnswerMDyspnea,MECG=MRMaxisMdeviation,MRVMhypertrophy,MtricuspidMregurg.MDiagnos
eMw/MRMheartMcath.
CommunityMacquiredMPNAM(CAP)M-
MAnswerMStreptMpneumoniaeMlikelyMpathogen.MOralMamoxicillinM+MmacrolideMieMazithro
mycin.
HospitalMacquiredMPNAM(HAP)M-
MAnswerM48MhrsMafterMadmission.MStrept/StaphM(MSSA/MRSA)MandMpseudomonasMpatho
gens.MSputumMculture,MbroadMspec-MZosynM&MVancM(MRSAMcoverage)
VentilatorMacquiredMPNAM(VAP)M-MAnswerM48MhrsMafterMintubation.
Tx:MVanc/ZosynM+MLinezolid
AcuteMasthmaM-
MAnswerMMagMsulfateMforMsevereMacuteMexaccMtoMimproveMairflow.MDehydrationM2/2M
highMRRMinMstatusMasthmaticus.
VentMweanMcriteriaM-MAnswerMFiO2M</=0.5
PEEPM</M=M8
RRM<M30
minMventM<M10ML/min.
EmpyemaM-
MAnswerMAccumulationMofMpurulentMmaterialMinMpleuralMspace.MCTM=MwellMdefinedMflu
idMaccumulationMoftenMdisplacingMlungMparenchyma.MTxM=MculturesMviaMblood/thoracent,
MdrainageMCT,MABX.
