Molecular Biology Techniques And Applications |Verified Questions And Answers | 100% Accurate, A+ Graded, Guaranteed Success!

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS
|VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 100% ACCURATE,
A+ GRADED, GUARANTEED SUCCESS!
Molecular Biology Answer: Study and/or analysis of nucleic acids such as DNA and
RNA and related molecules
DNA Answer: Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA Structure Answer: Complex of two separate chains made of repeating units -
nucleotides, running in opposite directions (antiparallel) forming a double-helix
DNA Bases Answer: Four types of bases: Adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine
Base Pairing Answer: Adenine binds to thymine and cytosine binds to guanine
Genes Answer: Stretches of DNA that provide information for the physical structure of
final protein, regulatory functions of that gene, and noncoding sequences called introns
Genetic Code Answer: Codons; different sets of three nucleotides encode for a specific
amino acid
Codons Answer: Sequence of a set of codons determines the sequence of different
amino acids, which determines the protein encoded by that stretch of DNA
DNA vs. RNA Answer: Comparison of a single-stranded RNA and a double-stranded
DNA with their corresponding nucleobases
Protein Synthesis Answer: Includes transcription (copying DNA into RNA) and
translation (generation of a chain of amino acids based on the genetic code of the RNA
copy)
RNA Answer: Ribonucleic acid, which has different bases providing the sequence
information for the different codons
RNA Structure Answer: Similar to DNA but has uracil instead of thymine and ribose
instead of deoxyribose
Types of RNA Answer: Primary RNA, Messenger RNA, Transfer RNA, Ribosomal RNA




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, Transcription Answer: Copying of DNA into RNA involving several steps including
'unzipping' of DNA strands and pairing of DNA-RNA nucleotides
RNA Polymerase Answer: Enzyme that 'reads' a sequence of DNA along one of the
DNA strands to create a complementary RNA template
Translation Answer: Process where messenger RNA is used to make the resulting
chain of amino acids, ultimately forming the final protein
Messenger RNA (mRNA) Answer: Contains the coding sequence that delivers
information to the ribosomes for protein synthesis
Ribosomes Answer: Components of the cell responsible for protein synthesis, where
mRNA binds to start translation
Transfer RNA (tRNA) Answer: Carries different amino acids and binds to the mRNA as
it is 'read' by the ribosomes, adding amino acids to the growing protein chain
mRNA Translation Answer: The process where DNA is translated into a protein
Complementary Sequence Answer: The sequence that pairs with a given DNA strand
during transcription
Restriction Endonuclease Answer: Enzymes used to cleave DNA at specific locations.
Electrophoresis Answer: A technique used to separate cleaved DNA fragments by size
and charge.
Nucleic Acid Probes Answer: Short strands of nucleic acids used to identify specific
complementary stretches of DNA.
Hybridization Answer: The process where nucleic acid probes bind to complementary
DNA sequences.
Denaturation Answer: The process of 'unzipping' DNA by heating to separate the two
strands.
RFLP (Restriction Fragment-Length Polymorphism) Answer: A technique that cuts
DNA into smaller fragments using restriction endonucleases and separates them by
size.
Agarose Gel Answer: A medium used in electrophoresis to separate DNA fragments.



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