DMSU 210 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS ALL CORRECT
An elderly male is seen by his physician for a routine examination. A routine laboratory
workup is performed, and microscopic hematuria is found. A urinary tract ultrasound
scan is requested to help find the cause of the hematuria. Two hypoechoic masses are
imaged in the right kidney. A complete abdominal ultrasound scan is performed with
attention to the bladder requested. A computed tomographic scan is performed to aid in
a diagnosis. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Renal cysts
B. Transitional cell carcinoma
C. Renal abscess
D. Medullary sponge kidney - Answer- Transitional cell carcinoma
This lab test is used for the detection of decreased glomerular filtration. - Answer-
Creatinine
A 33 year old man with a history of tobacco use is sent for a renal sonogram. The
patient has a history of urinary tract obstruction. He now has reduced urine output and
hematuria. Lab test results reveal increased creatinine levels, increased BUN levels,
and decreased GFR. The kidneys appear large on the sonogram with increased
echogenicity. What may be the most likely cause? - Answer- Acute renal failure
An 8 year old boy undergoes a renal sonogram. The patient has recent fever, sore
throat, cloudy urine appearance, joint pain, and costovertebral tenderness. Lab tests
reveal increased BUN and creatinine levels, proteinuria, and hematuria. The kidneys
are large on the ultrasound. The left kidney demonstrates an irregular left cortical
texture. These findings are most consistent with: - Answer- Acute glomerulonephritis
Which one of the following describes the sonographic appearance of chronic
pyelonephritis?
A. Echogenic cortex
B. Hypoechoic enlarged kidney
C. Inability to distinguish the cortex from the medullary regions
D. Echogenic foci in the medullary regions - Answer- Inability to distinguish the cortex
from the medullary regions
Which one of the following disorders does not produce a complex sonographic pattern?
A. Infected cyst
B. Hemorrhagic cyst
C. Hematomas
D. Congenital simple cyst - Answer- Congenital simple cyst
, Which of the following is NOT true regarding renal cysts?
A. They are routinely treated surgically
B. They are more common in older patients
C. The more complicated they are, the more suspicious the finding
D. None of the above - Answer- They are routinely treated surgically
A cortical bulge in the lateral border of the kidney is called a(n): - Answer- Dromedary
hump
Which of the following clinical findings is the most likely reason for a renal artery duplex
examination?
A. Hypertension
B. Oliguria
C. Hematuria
D. Severe flank pain - Answer- Hypertension
A renal sonogram is performed. The finding of hypoechoic areas adjacent to the renal
sinus is most consistent with: - Answer- Renal pyramid
A common finding in people over 50 years of age is: - Answer- Renal cysts
The majority of the pancreas lies within which abdominal cavity? - Answer-
Retroperitoneum
An older man with a history of alcoholism is recently diagnosed with acute pancreatitis.
His hematocrit and hypotension levels are decreased. Your differential diagnosis
includes: - Answer- Hemorrhagic pancreatitis
Which of the following veins courses in a sagittal plane and passes posterior to the neck
of the pancreas?
A. Splenic
B. Superior mesenteric
C. Inferior mesenteric
D. Main portal - Answer- Superior mesenteric
A patient with painless jaundice, weight loss, and a decrease in appetite should be
evaluated for: - Answer- Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas
The normal size of the pancreatic duct is less than ____ mm. - Answer- 3
Clinical signs and symptoms in acute pancreatitis include all of the following except:
A. Severe abdominal pain radiating to the back
B. Severe abdominal pain radiating to the right shoulder
C. Elevated amylase
D. Nausea and vomiting - Answer- Severe abdominal pain radiating to the right shoulder
ANSWERS ALL CORRECT
An elderly male is seen by his physician for a routine examination. A routine laboratory
workup is performed, and microscopic hematuria is found. A urinary tract ultrasound
scan is requested to help find the cause of the hematuria. Two hypoechoic masses are
imaged in the right kidney. A complete abdominal ultrasound scan is performed with
attention to the bladder requested. A computed tomographic scan is performed to aid in
a diagnosis. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Renal cysts
B. Transitional cell carcinoma
C. Renal abscess
D. Medullary sponge kidney - Answer- Transitional cell carcinoma
This lab test is used for the detection of decreased glomerular filtration. - Answer-
Creatinine
A 33 year old man with a history of tobacco use is sent for a renal sonogram. The
patient has a history of urinary tract obstruction. He now has reduced urine output and
hematuria. Lab test results reveal increased creatinine levels, increased BUN levels,
and decreased GFR. The kidneys appear large on the sonogram with increased
echogenicity. What may be the most likely cause? - Answer- Acute renal failure
An 8 year old boy undergoes a renal sonogram. The patient has recent fever, sore
throat, cloudy urine appearance, joint pain, and costovertebral tenderness. Lab tests
reveal increased BUN and creatinine levels, proteinuria, and hematuria. The kidneys
are large on the ultrasound. The left kidney demonstrates an irregular left cortical
texture. These findings are most consistent with: - Answer- Acute glomerulonephritis
Which one of the following describes the sonographic appearance of chronic
pyelonephritis?
A. Echogenic cortex
B. Hypoechoic enlarged kidney
C. Inability to distinguish the cortex from the medullary regions
D. Echogenic foci in the medullary regions - Answer- Inability to distinguish the cortex
from the medullary regions
Which one of the following disorders does not produce a complex sonographic pattern?
A. Infected cyst
B. Hemorrhagic cyst
C. Hematomas
D. Congenital simple cyst - Answer- Congenital simple cyst
, Which of the following is NOT true regarding renal cysts?
A. They are routinely treated surgically
B. They are more common in older patients
C. The more complicated they are, the more suspicious the finding
D. None of the above - Answer- They are routinely treated surgically
A cortical bulge in the lateral border of the kidney is called a(n): - Answer- Dromedary
hump
Which of the following clinical findings is the most likely reason for a renal artery duplex
examination?
A. Hypertension
B. Oliguria
C. Hematuria
D. Severe flank pain - Answer- Hypertension
A renal sonogram is performed. The finding of hypoechoic areas adjacent to the renal
sinus is most consistent with: - Answer- Renal pyramid
A common finding in people over 50 years of age is: - Answer- Renal cysts
The majority of the pancreas lies within which abdominal cavity? - Answer-
Retroperitoneum
An older man with a history of alcoholism is recently diagnosed with acute pancreatitis.
His hematocrit and hypotension levels are decreased. Your differential diagnosis
includes: - Answer- Hemorrhagic pancreatitis
Which of the following veins courses in a sagittal plane and passes posterior to the neck
of the pancreas?
A. Splenic
B. Superior mesenteric
C. Inferior mesenteric
D. Main portal - Answer- Superior mesenteric
A patient with painless jaundice, weight loss, and a decrease in appetite should be
evaluated for: - Answer- Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas
The normal size of the pancreatic duct is less than ____ mm. - Answer- 3
Clinical signs and symptoms in acute pancreatitis include all of the following except:
A. Severe abdominal pain radiating to the back
B. Severe abdominal pain radiating to the right shoulder
C. Elevated amylase
D. Nausea and vomiting - Answer- Severe abdominal pain radiating to the right shoulder
